What is the difference between must have to. Modal verbs Must, Have to. Probability Expression

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HAVE TO

Have to is used in the sense of “under the influence of external circumstances, I need to do this and that.” Or also in our meaning “I have to.” Those. I myself don’t want to, but others are forcing me. I would be happy not to, but if I don’t, it will be bad.

Example: " Sorry,Ican'tgo -Ihave to domyhomework” - “Sorry, I can’t go, I have to do my homework.”

This means that a person wants to go, and does not want to do his homework at all, but, alas, he is forced to do it and therefore, no matter how much he wants, he cannot go where he wants.

In this sense, have to is often used as a polite excuse for something in the spirit of “I’m very sorry, I would love to stay, but, alas, the stars have aligned in such a way that I am forced to leave you ... but I really like you and, if If I had such an opportunity, I would spend a lot more time with you, but alas” - “I’m very sorry, but I have to go.”

MUST

Must is when you need it not because someone or something forces you. But because you decided so for yourself. Because this must be done to achieve some of your higher-order goals. For example, you decided for yourself that now you will get up early every day. Accordingly, you cannot stay for the late party.

In this case, say this: “I am sorry, but I must go.” This means “sorry, but I have more important things to do. I have to go." This is a tougher form, the previous one is more polite.

NEED

Need is a need. When you say "I need something", this means "I I need in something." In the case of action, you need action. All in the same example: “I need to go” means “I need to go.” This expression emphasizes your dependence on something. Roughly speaking, you want to get a job at a company. You need her, she doesn’t need you. Then say “I need to join that company.”

The difference from have to here is that no one and nothing forces you. You're just in a low position.

SHOULD

Generally speaking, should is rarely used and is confused by many with must. However, there are differences between them, albeit subtle ones.

So, should means rather what you want relies do something in accordance with your social role, status, position. For example, you can often hear the phrase “You shouldn’t be doing that!” This means "You don't should do this! For example, this happens when a person climbs somewhere where he is not supposed to. For example, he goes into the boss’s office and rummages through his desk. Those. should is used when we are dealing with social ideas about how you should should to act, but how not to.

Also, should is a designation of sacred Duty. For example, in front of the Motherland or Senior. “I should join this war” - “My duty is to join this war.”

CONCLUSION

Let me remind you once again that all of the above are not rules, but nothing more than my personal observations. Works about 80% of the time. However, it is precisely the understanding of such subtleties that distinguishes someone who actually knows the language from someone who knows it on paper. It’s unlikely that ordinary teachers and professors will explain this to you, you can check :)

In this article we will compare verbs must, have to And should. We will look at the meaning of verbs in terms of the functions they perform in speech, and find out which verb to choose in a given situation. We will also try to find the most accurate translation for each verb.

Must vs. Have to: duty

Verbs must And have to show duty, obligation, but their meanings are different. Must implies that you believe you should do something. You think this is right and necessary. Must usually translated as “must”, “obliged”. Have to translated by the words “have to”, “forced” and shows that you must do something because circumstances require it. For this reason the verb must is considered the “strongest” of verbs showing obligation: what we ourselves believe in is more important and “obligatory” for us than anything else.

I must go now. It's getting dark. - I must leave. It's getting dark.

I have to go now. It’s getting dark and I won’t catch a taxi to get home. - I forced leave. It's getting dark, I won't be able to catch a taxi and go home.

The first example emphasizes the speaker's attitude. He is convinced that he should not walk along dark streets for his own personal reasons: he is afraid, he does not like the dark. In the second case, the speaker is forced to leave, otherwise he will not be able to go home.

Another important feature of the verb must in this function it is not used in the past tense. When we talk about an action in the past, we replace must on had to.

Yesterday I had to meet my parents at the airport. - Yesterday I should have meet parents at the airport.

My parents travel a lot. Every month I must meet them at the airport. – My parents travel a lot. Every month I must meet them at the airport.

Mustn't vs. Don’t have to: prohibition or lack of need

Must And have to radically change the meaning in a negative form. Mustn't shows a prohibition and is translated as “impossible”, “not to have the right”. Don't have to shows no need. We can take action, but there is no need for it. Don't have to translated by the words “not necessary”, “no need”, “not necessary”.

You mustn't use someone's ideas in your book without any references. It's plagiarism. - You you have no right use someone else's ideas in your book without citing the original source. This is plagiarism.

You don't have to use his ideas in your book. They are not that bright. - You No need use his ideas in your book. They are not that bright.

We can use modal verbs to give advice should And must.

Should conveys the usual advice and is translated with the words “worth”, “should”.

You should go to the party. It's going to be really interesting. - You costs go to this party. It will be really interesting there.

I think you should see this exhibition. - I think you costs see this exhibition.

In the case of a party, the person is given advice. He has a choice - to go to the party or not to go. In the second example, according to the speaker, going to the exhibition will be useful, but this does not mean that the person is obliged to go there.

Verb must we use when we want to give persistent advice. Must in these cases it is translated as “certainly follows”, “certainly stands”, “must”.

You must go to that party. It will be great. - You should definitely go to a party. She'll be great.

You are an art critic. You must see this exhibition. - You are an art critic. You must see this exhibition.

We do not force a person to do anything. We think the party will be really cool, so we strongly advise you to go. The same is true in the case of going to an exhibition: according to the speaker, it will be very useful for an art critic.

Verbs should And have to can be translated as “necessary”, “must”. Because of this, they are often confused. However, most often we use should to give advice. The verb have to can sometimes be used to give emotional advice, to persuade a person to do something.

Your apartment is very small. You should change it. – Your apartment is very small. You need to(=worth) changing it.

You have to read this book! - You must read this book!

In the first case, we give advice because we think the apartment is too small. In the second case, we really liked the book and we convince the person to read it.

As described above, the forms have to And don't have to have completely different meanings, and the verb should does not change the meaning in a negative form. By using should we advise what needs to be done using shouldn't we advise what not to do.

He doesn't have to cook because his mom comes to him and does cooking. - To him No need(=not have to) cook because his mother comes to him and cooks.

He shouldn't cook for the party because nobody likes his dishes. - To him No need(=shouldn't) cook because no one likes his dishes.

He should cook for the party. There will be a lot of people. - To him necessary(=should) cook for the party. There will be a lot of people there.

When choosing a modal verb, you must be guided by the context and understand exact value this verb in Russian.

Let's summarize. You can see them in a general table with all modal verbs and their functions:

Modal verb	Function	Translation	Example
Must	Duty	"Must", "must"	I must go now. It's getting dark. - I have to leave. It's getting dark.
Must	Strong advice	“Definitely should/worth it”	You are an art critic. You must see this exhibition.- You are an art critic. You must see this exhibition.
Mustn't	Ban	“You can’t”, “you don’t have the right”	You mustn’t use someone’s ideas in your book without any references. It's plagiarism.– You do not have the right to use someone else’s ideas in your book without citing the original source. This is plagiarism.
Have to	Compulsion	“Have to”, “forced”	I have to go now. It’s getting dark and I won’t catch a taxi to get home.- I have to leave. It's getting dark, I won't be able to catch a taxi and go home.
Don't have to	No need	“It’s not necessary”, “there’s no need”, “it’s not necessary”	You don't have to use his ideas in your book. They are not that bright.– You don’t need to use his ideas in your book. They are not that bright.
Should (shouldn't)	Advice	“Should”, “should” (“should not”, “should not”)	I think you should see this exhibition.– I think you should see this exhibition. He shouldn’t cook for the party because nobody likes his dishes. He shouldn't cook because no one likes his food.

There are pairs of modal verbs that supposedly have the same translation into Russian, but different semantic shades, hence different cases of use in English. Such pairs of words often represent something like “false” equivalents. Today we will continue to deal with such pairs of verbs and consider the following modal verbs:

must — must
have to — must
ought to — must

Modal verbs must, have to and ought to have the same translation with different semantic connotations

Modal verb must used to convey the need to perform an action under the influence of certain circumstances, and is also used when expressing advice or order

It does not have the forms of past and future tenses, therefore, if necessary, it is replaced by have to.

We will have to be at the park by 8 o’clock, if we want to see her. — We have to be at the park by 8 o'clock if we want to see her.
He had to rewrite his essay. — He had to rewrite his essay

Must used in the following cases:

Characteristics of the modal verb have to

Modal verb have to has the ability to reflect the categories of number and person, which almost all other modal verbs are not capable of

He has to work 9 hours a day. — He must work 9 hours a day
They had to prevent us. - They should have warned us

The second characteristic is the particle -to, characteristic of only a few modal verbs.

You have to answer this question. — You have to answer this question

To construct a negative and interrogative sentence with a modal verb have to need an auxiliary word to do

Do you have to write the essay? — Should you write an essay?
He doesn't have to be here. — He shouldn't be here

Modal verb must used to convey the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances that force

We have to hold meeting in this room according to timetable. — According to the schedule, we must hold a meeting in this room

The modal verb must is used to convey the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances that force

Modal verb have to has a similar meaning have got to. However, the boundaries of their use are clearly separated by the rule:

Have to used with actions that are often repeated, and have got to with specific actions

She has to make bed every morning. — She has to make the bed every morning
She has got to wash the dishes today. — She has to wash the dishes today

About the modal verb ought to

This verb has only one form and, like the previous verb, has a particle -to, standing before the main verb. Modal verb ought to extremely rarely used in interrogative and negative sentences. You can meet it in sentences of this kind only in formal text:

We ought not to discuss this problem. — We should not condemn this problem
Ought I to read this letter? — Should I read this letter?

Ought to is used:

To indicate moral duty, obligation or advice:
- You ought to say only the truth. — You must cook only the truth
To express a natural assumption:
- They have done such a difficult task and they ought to be all-out. - They did this difficult task, they must be jaded
Ought to in spoken English it is used more rarely than a verb related to it in meaning should, which has gained wider use among English speakers. In the following short video you will learn about the modal verb should.

Video: About modal verbs Must, Have to, Should, Ought to

Modal verb must used primarily to express obligation, but in colloquial speech it is often replaced with a reverse have to. In this article we will look at the meaning of the verb must, examples of use, differences from have to, should, be supposed to.

Table: modal verb Must in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms

You must obey. - You must obey (order).

You must do your duty. - You must fulfill one's duty (obligation, order).

You must read more. - You must read more (strong advice).

Verb must can refer not only to the present, but also to the future tense:

We must finish our work tomorrow. - We should finish our work tomorrow.

He must return in an hour. - He must be back in an hour.

Other means can be used to express obligation and advice; read more about this below.

2. Categorical prohibition

Modal verb must in the negative form denotes a categorical prohibition, and not “should not.”

You must not smoke in this area. – Prohibited smoke in this area.

You mustn't break item in a store. – It is forbidden break goods in a store.

Milder forms of prohibition are can't(especially popular in colloquial speech) and may not:

You can't just leave without paying for your meal. - You you can't just leave without paying for the dish (this is prohibited).

You may not take these tools. - To you it is forbidden take these tools (this is prohibited).

3. Assumption

By using must expresses a confident assumption that the speaker considers plausible. The premise can refer to the present or past tense. Note that for an uncertain assumption that the speaker does not consider plausible, use .

3.1 Assumption relevant to the present time

He must see us from there. - He, there must be, sees us from there.

Sandy must remember my address. – Sandy there must be, remembers my address.

The phrase with the verb is especially often used:

You must be John. - You, there must be, John.

He must be busy now. - He is now there must be, busy.

If it is assumed that the action is performed at the moment of speech, a verb with the ending is used -ing:

Where is he? – No must be swimming in the pool. -Where is he? - He, must be floating in the pool (now).

3.2 Assumption relating to the past tense

Where is my phone? I must have forgotten it at home. - Where is my phone? I, I must have forgotten his home.

She must have been very dissapointed. - She, there must be, Very disappointed.

Note: How do you express a future tense proposition?

Verb must not used to express an assumption about the future. You can use other means for this, for example: probably, perhaps- probably to be likely to(to be possible, probable).

January, there must be, it will be cold. – January will probably be cold/January is likely to be cold / Perhaps January will be cold.

She, there must be, will forgive her husband. – She will probably forgive her husband / She is likely to forgive her husband / Perhaps, she will forgive her husband.

Also note that the assumption with must cannot be constructed in negative form. Other words are used for this too.

He, there must be, does not speak English. – No probably doesn't speak English.

Modal verb Must and phrase Have to

Synonym of verb must is the turnover have to- to be due. Unlike must, it can be used at any time. In a negative form, it expresses not a prohibition, but a lack of necessity (“must not”). There is a rather subtle semantic difference between them.

Must used as a “strong” ought, expressing an obligation or necessity to do something that you really consider necessary, something that is personally relevant to you, and also something that is extremely important.

I must pass the exam. - I must pass the exam (this is my obligation).

Have to can express a “soft” obligation: the need to do something, often forced, sometimes not so important.

We have to hurry. - Us need to hurry up (We must hurry up).

You don't have to tip a bartender here. - Here you are not obliged tip the bartender (shouldn't).

He didn't have to help me. - He didn't have to help me.

I will have to wait. - To me will have to wait.

However, in colloquial speech have to often used in the same sense as must.

I have to pass the exam. - I must pass the exam.

This sentence can be understood in two ways: 1) I must pass the exam because I am forced, obliged, 2) I must pass the exam because it is my personal moral duty (as with the verb must).

Let's try to compare two sentences with must And have to to better understand the difference. The company went on a hike, and in the process it turned out that Tim had difficulty carrying his things. We have to help him.

We must helpTim. - We should help Tim.

In this case, Tim is our friend, we cannot leave him, he needs, definitely needs help. So what if he took more things than he could carry? We will help him. If he were us, Tim would have done the same.

We have to helpTim. - We should help Tim.

Some Tim took more junk than he could handle. Because of him, everyone has to walk slower, he constantly asks to wait. We'll have to help him, but next time we won't take him with us.

This is a very rough example, because the option with have to may be suitable for the first case with Tim the friend. Much depends on the context, the specific case, and even the intonation with which you say the phrase.

In general, in colloquial speech they use much more often have to, when you need to say something like “I must”, “I have to”, “I have to”, etc.

Difference between Must, Have to, Should, Be Supposed to

The difference between must And have to we've already sorted it out. Let's see how the modal verb differs from them should and turnover be supposed to. The main difference is that they do not express obligation, although they can be translated into Russian with the words “need” or “must”.

Should– this is used (in particular) to express advice, wishes, recommendations. That is, not “you should”, but “you should”:

You should try this cake, it's delicious. - You should(you should / you should / you need) try this pie, it’s very tasty.

We shouldn't leave the door open. It's cold out there. - Us not worth it(shouldn't) leave the door open. It's cold outside.

Expressions with turnover be supposed to are often translated with the word “must”, but this is not “must” in the sense of “obliged, forced”, but “must” in the sense of “ in theory should" or "it is implied that". The difference is huge.

I saw you outside smoking, but you were supposed to be working. - I saw you smoking on the street, then you (in theory) should have work (but didn't work).

This is supposed to be the best day in my life, but I’m not feeling happy. - This should be (in theory) best day of my life, but I don't feel happy.

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Past	Present	Future
I had to work. I had to work.	I have to work. I have to work.	I will have to work. I will need to work.
I didn't have to work. I didn't have to work.	I don't have to work. I don't need to work.	I won't have to work. I won't have to work.
Did you have to work? Did you have to work?	Do you have to work? Do you need to work?	Will you have to work? Will you need to work?


I will have to work. I will need to work.
I won't have to work. I won't have to work.
Will you have to work? Will you need to work?

Statement

Have to in the present tense it changes depending on the actor (subject) and number, unlike other modal verbs (should, must and others).

Has– used with third person singular ( He, She, It).

I have to get up at five every Sunday.– I have to get up at five in the morning every Sunday.
Ann has to go to hospital.- Ann needs to go to the hospital.
We have to walk all the way home because we can’t catch a taxi. We have to walk home because we can’t get a taxi.

In the past tense have to takes shape had for all persons alone and plural.

Last summer I had to get up at five every Sunday.– Last summer I had to get up at five in the morning every Sunday.
We had to walk all the way home because we couldn’t catch a taxi.“We had to walk home because we couldn’t get a taxi.”
Janice had to visit her dentist last Monday. Janice had to go to her dentist last Monday.

The future tense is formed by the construction will have to for all persons singular and plural. Very rare for top officials I And We used shall have to.

Next summer I shall have to get up at five every Sunday.– Next summer I will have to get up at five in the morning every Sunday.

I will be a bit busy tomorrow. I will have to take my dog to the vet.– Tomorrow I will be a little busy. I will have to take my dog to the vet.
My friends will have to pick me up at 6 p.m.– My friends will need to pick me up at 6 pm.

When forming the passive voice (Passive Voice), the construction is also used have to and passive infinitive.

You did a great job! You have to be promoted to general manager.– You did a great job! You will need to be promoted to general manager.
This project has to be approved tomorrow morning.– This project must be approved tomorrow morning.
His advice has to be taken into account.– His advice should be taken into account.

Negation

Negative sentence with have to in the present and past tense is formed using an auxiliary verb to do in negative form ( don't, does not, did not) or auxiliary verb to be for the future tense ( will not). Such sentences will be translated as " no need», « no need», « you don't have to do anything».

We do not have to be in a hurry. We still have plenty of time.- We don't need to rush. We still have plenty of time.
You don"t have to wear a suit to work but if you like it you can.– You don't have to wear a suit to work, but if you like, you can do it.
She didn't have to tell the whole story. We had already heard it.“She didn’t have to tell the whole story.” We've already heard it.
You won't have to pay for that broken vase.“You won’t have to pay for that broken vase.”

To express a prohibition or a categorical prohibition in the present tense have to always replaced by must in the negative form ( must not).

You don't have to come here.-You don't have to come here.
You mustn't come here.- You are not allowed to come here.
must not = mustn’t

Question

Interrogative sentence with have to formed with an auxiliary verb to do(or will for the future tense), standing in the required form at the beginning of a sentence or after question words ( Who, Why, When, Where, How and others).

You have to go.- You need to go. (Statement)
Do you have to go?– Do you need to go?

Does Michael have to work on Sunday?– Should Michael work on Sunday?
When do you have to go there?– When do you need to go there?
Did he have to call you?– Should he have called you?
Will I have to pay for the broken vase?– Will I have to pay for the broken vase?

Features of use

Probability Expression

Design have to also expresses probability, certainty, confidence in something of the speaker and is translated as “ there must be», « Maybe", "T in person" In that case have to used only in the present tense (as a construction have to be or has to be) and can be replaced by must .

I have to be misunderstood.
I must be misunderstood.“I must have been misunderstood.”

It has to be really difficult to survive in a desert.
It must be really difficult to survive in a desert.“Surviving in the desert must be really difficult.”

That girl has to be Ann.
That girl must be Ann.“That girl is probably Anne.”

When forming an assumption in a negative form have to is replaced by must in the negative form ( must not).

That guy has to be Paul.“That guy is probably Paul.”
No, that mustn't be Paul. Paul is tall and besides, he is blond.- No, it can't be Paul. Paul is tall and also blond.

Have to or Have got to

Often, especially in spoken English, instead of have to you can find a design have got to(as the Present Perfect form of the verb to get). The difference between these designs is practically indistinguishable; they freely replace each other.

The difference is that have to may indicate a repetitive action, and have got to- to the specific, although native speakers themselves rarely distinguish between these constructions. Also have got to used only in the present tense.

This time we have got to be ready for the battle!– This time we must be ready for battle!
Oh dear, I have got to do all this work by myself!– Oh no, I have to do all the work alone!
Matt has got to go right now. Matt has to leave now.
She has got to be careful after that awful accident.“She must be careful after that terrible incident.”

When forming a question and a negative form, the construction have got to does not need an auxiliary verb to do.

Have you got to watch your little sister tonight?“Do you have to look after your little sister tonight?”
Has someone got to take Harry to school today?– Should someone take Harry to school today?
Why have you got to do this today?– Why do you have to do this today?
Who has got to do all this work?– Who should do all this work?

have not = haven’t
I"m happy I haven’t got to go anywhere today.- I'm glad I don't have to go anywhere today.

has not = hasn’t
My mom hasn’t got to take Harry to school today.“My mother doesn’t have to take Harry to school today.”

Got to form

Sometimes have got to can also be simplified to the form got to, especially in modern spoken English. Got to used only to express the present tense. In spoken English the form is also often used gotta(short for got to).

You can say whatever you want but you still got to work to earn some money for living.“You can say whatever you want, but you still have to work to earn some money to live.”
I got to help Alice even though I don’t have plenty of time for that.– I have to help Alice, although I don’t have too much time for this.
I know you want me to stay but, I’m sorry, I really gotta go.“I know you want me to stay, but I’m sorry, I really have to go.”

Have to or Must?

In many cases have to can replace the modal verb must, which also indicates the need to do something.

Oh, it’s later than I thought. I must go now.
Oh, it’s later than I thought. I have to go now.- Oh, it's later than I thought. I have to go.

You must have a passport to go abroad.
You have to have a passport to go abroad.– You must have a passport to travel abroad.

However, there are certain differences in the use of the design have to and verb must.

Design have to has the forms of present, past ( had to) and future tense ( will have to). The verb must itself is used only in one form and to a greater extent expresses personal decisions, sensations, and feelings.

Must - must, obliged	Have to - necessary, forced
Present	Present
I must work. I have to work.	I have to work. I have to work.
Past	Past
No	I had to work. I was forced to work.
Future	Future
No	I will have to work. I will be forced to work.

I will be forced to work.

Active Voice
Peter must leave the city today.– Peter must leave the city today. (present)
Peter had to leave the city the next day. Peter was supposed to leave town the next day. (past)

I must read this book now.– I have to read this book now. (present)
I will have to read this book next semester.– I will have to read this book next semester. (future)

Passive Voice
It must be done right now!– This must be done now! (present)
It had to be done yesterday.- This should have been done yesterday. (past)

Also design have to carries a connotation of the need to do something due to prevailing circumstances, and not of one’s own free will, that is, it can be translated as “ have to», « forced», « must".

I have to stay at home because my mother asked me to.– I have to stay at home because my mother asked me to. (Must not by choice)
You have to help your sister because you have promised you would.– You must help your sister because you promised her to do so.
He can't keep this puppy. He has to give it back to the owner even if he doesn’t want to.“He can’t keep this puppy.” He is obliged to return it to the owner, even if he does not want to do this.

Have or Have to

It is necessary to distinguish between expressions have to do / tell / show something And have something to do / tell / show.

have as a regular verb
I have something to tell you.– I want to tell you something.

have to as modaldesign
I have to tell you something.– I have to tell you something.

In the first example the verb have used as a regular verb expressing the presence of information or an object that the speaker wants to talk about. In the second sentence have to used as a modal construction and conveys a specific need for action.

I have something to do this weekend.– I have something to do this weekend.
I have to do something this weekend.– I have to do something this weekend.

Jack has something to show to his friend. Jack wants to show his friend something.
Jack has to show something to his friend. Jack has to show his friend something.