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Pancreas

If a person is healthy and happy, there is no reason to remember that a very important organ functions in his body - pancreas. It is located behind the stomach, closely adjacent to the duodenum, between them and the spine, transversely at the level of the bodies of the I-II lumbar vertebrae. The pancreas of an adult has a length of 14-22 cm, a width of 3-9 cm, a thickness of 2-3 cm, with a mass of about 70-80 g. Why is this gland so hidden in the body?!

Already in the Talmud there is a description pancreas, where it is called “the finger of God.” Vesalius in 1543 writes about the pancreas: “in the center of the mesentery, there is a large glandular formation that reliably supports the very first and significant branching of the vessels.”

The pancreas is the most important participant in the digestive process, it secretes the main enzymes for the digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates: pancreatic lipases, amylases, trypsin and chymotrypsin. The main pancreatic secretion - duct cells - contains bicarbonate ions, which are involved in neutralizing acidic gastric contents. The main excretory duct, which opens into the duodenum, receives pancreatic secretions that accumulate in the interlobular ducts. Enzymes are secreted in an inactive form, this prevents enzymatic damage to the pancreas, which can be observed with pancreatitis. In response to the secretion of pancreatic juice, the cells of the stomach and duodenum produce active substances of a hormonal nature - gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin, which ensures hormonal regulation exocrine function of the pancreas.

Islet cells - islets of Langerhans, located between the lobules, function like endocrine glands, secreting glucagon and insulin hormones directly into the bloodstream, which regulate carbohydrate metabolism. Glucagon increases and insulin decreases blood glucose levels.

Reasons for the development of pancreatitis: frequent use spicy, fried, fatty foods, overeating, alcohol abuse, neuropsychic overexcitation, suffered viral infections and intoxication.

The most important thing symptom of pancreatitis are burning pains in the upper abdomen, in the left hypochondrium, sometimes radiating to the heart area, to the spine, which can last from several hours to several days.

Attacks are characterized by severe pain, loss of appetite, weakness, belching, flatulence, rumbling in the stomach. Nausea and vomiting are often associated, and there may be a drop in temperature and tremors in the body. Long lasting diarrhea, even with proper nutrition. Pasty stools containing undigested food particles may have a foamy consistency with unpleasant smell. The patient may lose weight very sharply. This type of pancreatitis in some cases leads to the development of diabetes mellitus.

Treatment more often acute pancreatitis in hospital, because with severe pain, loss of consciousness or shock may develop. Chronic pancreatitis requires long-term complex treatment and medical supervision.

Diet for pancreatitis

After an acute attack or exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis, first 3-4 days– strict is necessary observing a complete fast, you can only drink mineral water without gas. Diet food begins no earlier than from the fourth day. In medical institutions they are prescribed according to the general accepted method dietary nutrition for pancreatitis – diet number 5.

The basis of the diet:

eat small meals 5-6 times a day, excluding snacks;
give up all foods that increase acid formation in the stomach;
do not eat foods that provoke the active work of gland enzymes;
eat dishes prepared according to the principle of “careful processing” and “reducing mechanical impact” on the digestive organs;
foods need to be steamed or boiled;
eat food in pureed or crushed form;
add any types of oils - butter or vegetable - to prepared dishes.

The oil is added cold, avoiding heat treatment and frying, as substances harmful to the pancreas and gall bladder are formed. It is necessary to avoid consuming foods after frying, grilling, smoking, or tarring;

Dietary meals should be accompanied by plenty of fluids. Inflammation of the pancreas is accompanied by water and electrolyte disturbances and large losses of water in the body.

Allowed to eat:

vegetables (boiled, steamed or stewed) - zucchini, carrots, pumpkin;
from soups: only vegetable (except for cabbage soup, borscht - do not use white cabbage, onion, garlic); in the absence of exacerbation, you can use soups with secondary meat broth;
lean meat, poultry or fish (boiled or steamed);
boiled noodles or vermicelli;
porridge (cooked in water) - from oatmeal, rice, buckwheat, except millet;
omelet, cottage cheese casseroles (steam);
Drinks include: weak tea, compote, jelly.

Products prohibited for consumption:

all sour, spicy and fatty foods;
canned foods and pickles;
hot spices and seasonings;
fatty meat broths;
meat by-products (sausage, frankfurters, sausages, etc.), smoked products;
fatty fish (catfish, halibut, salmon, carp, mullet), caviar;
lamb and pork fats;
yoghurts, glazed cheese curds and full-fat sour cream;
from vegetables: turnip, radish, spinach, radish, sorrel.
from fruits: citrus and sour;
rye bread, pastries, cakes, caramel, chocolate and chocolate candies;
French fries, cheeseburgers, hot dogs, chips, kirieshki, nuts, etc.
from drinks: strong tea, cocoa, coffee, kvass, carbonated drinks;
any alcoholic drinks, including low-alcohol cocktails.

After an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to follow the diet for at least 8–9 months. And then proper nutrition throughout your life. Diet for chronic pancreatitis- This is a certain food culture that enters a person’s life for a long time. Because even small deviations from the usual diet can put additional stress on the function pancreas and cause seizures pancreatitis.

The waste products of beneficial bacteria and their bacterial enzymes can help and improve digestion processes. To improve the absorption of nutrients and reduce the load on the pancreas, you can take functional nutrition – Harmony of Life. The product contains live lacto-bifidobacteria, their metabolic products with nutritional, protective mechanisms of action on mucous membranes, pectin, which reduces fermentation processes, gas formation, and most importantly, there is no cow's milk proteins and milk sugar, which is contraindicated in cases of impaired pancreatic function.

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Diet for pancreatitis of the pancreas becomes not a whim, but the norm of life. Along with special treatment, it should prevent exacerbation of the disease and prevent it from progressing. In our today's review we will look at sample menu for a week, we will determine the categories of products that are contraindicated for this disease, and also tell you about the correct diet.

Basic principles of nutrition for pancreatitis

If we talk in simple words, then pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. There are two types: acute and chronic.

In the acute form, the diet is strictly limited and is determined exclusively by the attending physician.

Very often, when an exacerbation occurs, the first day, and if necessary, then longer, experts recommend fasting. During this so-called zero diet, you are allowed to drink only clean drinking water, or mineral water with alkali, for example “Borjomi” and “Essentuki”. Just be sure to use no gas. And no solid food!

After the attack subsides and the patient’s general condition improves due to treatment, certain dishes are introduced into the diet:

porridges cooked in water (rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat);
liquid mashed potatoes without oil;
thin jelly or jelly from fruit juices;
slimy soups on cereals (with the exception of millet and corn - they are not suitable);
fruit mousses;
fruit drink and dried fruit compote, rosehip decoction;
vegetable purees: pumpkin, carrot, squash;
dry biscuits.

This seemingly strict diet will help provide rest to the pancreas after an acute attack. It is recommended to observe it for 3-4 days upon completion drinking diet, but it is allowed for no longer than seven days. Then dishes with protein are introduced into the menu:

well-cooked dietary meat, better if it is in puree soup;
steamed egg white omelette;
cutlets, also cooked in a double boiler, from lean minced meat (be sure to make sure that there are no veins or fat in it);
soft low-fat cottage cheese.

During the day, food must be taken at least 7-8 times, and in very small portions of 200-300g. The total calorie content of the daily menu should be no more than 800. Gradually, with the introduction of new products, it can be increased to 1000 kcal. You need to adhere to a strict diet until the symptoms of acute pancreatitis completely disappear. Next, you will definitely have to review your daily menu.

However, remember that harmful foods and poor lifestyle choices can trigger another attack at any time.

If we are talking about chronic pancreatitis not in acute form, then the diet will be more extensive. Still, there are a number of nutritional rules that must be strictly followed.

Strong tea and coffee, carbonated and alcoholic drinks are prohibited.
Meat is still allowed only if it is not fatty (rabbit, veal, turkey, chicken), well-cooked or steamed. And no frying in vegetable oil!

Limit your consumption of salt and seasonings. Be especially careful with hot spices. The same goes for sauces and sours.
Minimize the consumption of soft buns, muffins, pastries, and sweets. Remember that preference should be given to slightly stale bread and dry cookies.

A lot of vegetables and fruits are welcome in the diet. And to ease the digestion process, get rid of hard peels, for example, on apples and cucumbers.
Do not eat excessively hot foods, or those that have just been taken out of the refrigerator.

Continue to follow the norms of fractional nutrition, eat 5-6 times a day in small portions. Large meals are prohibited, because they can also cause diarrhea.
If you feel heaviness after a full meal, then reduce your protein intake and increase the amount of slow carbohydrates (you can use durum pasta 1-2 times a week, brown rice).

Diet should also be limited fermented milk products.
For people diagnosed with pancreatitis, semi-finished products, sausages and sausages, and canned products are not recommended.
Don't eat in large chunks. If possible, grind food into small pieces or puree.

When buying products in a store, be sure to look at the ingredients so that they contain as little as possible. food additives. As for oil, give up vegetable oil in favor of olive oil.

Sample daily menu for pancreatitis

As we said earlier, a diet for pancreatitis of the pancreas is the norm. This means that it should not only be useful, but also balanced. Below we invite you to familiarize yourself with a sample menu for 7 days so that you can understand the basic principles of this diet.

Day one

Meal 1 (hereinafter referred to as MR): steamed omelette + weak green tea;
PP 2: vegetable puree 100g
PP 3: puree soup with chicken breast 200g + any fruit of your choice;
PP 4: 200 ml fruit jelly
PP 5: cottage cheese casserole 150g + dried fruit compote.

Day two

PP 1: oatmeal on water + weak tea;
PP 2: strawberry soufflé + rose hip decoction;
PP 3: steamed chicken breast 100g + pasta 80g;
PP 4: 200g low-fat cottage cheese;
PP 5: boiled beets + chicken egg white.

Day three

PP 1: two hard-boiled eggs + biscuits + green tea;
PP 2: two baked apples;
PP 3: steamed fish (pollock, pike perch, cod) – 100g + rice 80g;
PP 4: dried rye bread + slice of cheese;
PP 5: 100g mashed potatoes with water + zucchini cutlets.

Day four

PP 1: curd pudding + dried fruit compote;
PP 2: 2-3 biscuits with curd cheese;
PP 3: vegetable soup 200g + 50g boiled breast or turkey;
PP 4: a portion of pumpkin puree + 20g honey;
PP 5: 200 ml low-fat kefir + white bread croutons.

Day five

PP 1: rice porridge on water + jelly;
PP 2: grated apple + carrots;
PP 3: mashed potatoes 120g + beet salad (not spicy);
PP 4: 60g chicken breast;
PP 5: rosehip decoction + 2-3 biscuits.

Day six

PP 1: semolina porridge with dried apricots + green tea;
PP 2: low-fat cottage cheese 150g + dried fruit compote 200 ml;
PP 3: fish puree soup with herbs 200g + a slice of black stale bread;
PP 4: fruit mousse;
PP 5: yogurt + 60g turkey or chicken breast.

In diseases of the pancreas, following a diet based on alkali-forming foods is an integral part of treatment, and in chronic forms it is the basis of nutrition. for a long time. The menu for pancreatitis should include large number vegetables and fruits, foods high in protein, for example, lean meats and fish, dairy products, eggs. Doctors recommend eliminating fats, spicy, sour and fried foods, and foods high in carbohydrates from the diet.

Features for every day

In the chronic form of pancreatitis, dietary nutrition includes at least 5 meals a day. Patients should completely give up alcohol, confectionery and baked goods with large amounts of sugar, and significantly reduce the proportion of fat consumed. Breakfast, lunch and dinner for pancreatitis should consist of boiled or steamed dishes; occasionally you can serve vegetables, meat or grilled fish. For second breakfast and afternoon snack, you can eat vegetable or fruit salad, yogurt, cottage cheese, vegetable casserole, porridge.

In case of acute pancreatitis, to relieve inflammation, it is recommended to abstain from solid food for several days, drinking several glasses of rosehip decoction or alkaline still mineral water a day. On the 3-4th day after an attack of pancreatitis, you can eat pureed or blended food without fat and salt - mashed carrots or potatoes, vegetable soups- puree, fish soufflé and more.

The general practitioner should familiarize patients with pancreatitis with nutritional recommendations. The diet must be followed until symptoms disappear completely.

But even after your health improves, you should remember that eating harmful foods can cause another exacerbation of pancreatitis.

For a week

A sample menu for the week will help people with pancreatitis diversify their diet. It is designed for 5 meals: 1 and 2 breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. You should try to eat at the same time and not skip meals.

Monday

Oatmeal with boiled chicken breast, toast and rosehip infusion.
Yogurt, baked apples.
Vegetable soup, baked fish fillet with stewed zucchini, juice.
Cottage cheese casserole, jelly.
Mashed potatoes with baked vegetables, dried fruit compote.

Tuesday

Hard-boiled egg, biscuits, tea without sugar. Patients with pancreatitis can replace sugar with a sweetener.
Non-acidic fruits (peaches, apricots, melon), yogurt.
Rice soup, buckwheat with steamed meat cutlets, tea.
Fish soufflé, a piece of bran bread, dried fruit compote.
Vermicelli casserole with cottage cheese, a glass of milk.

Wednesday

Semolina porridge with dried apricots, fruit juice.
Protein snowballs with sweet fruit sauce, compote.
Chicken soup, baked pumpkin, boiled meat, herbal tea.
Pasta with bechamel sauce, carrot salad.
Meat pudding, boiled vegetables, tea.

Thursday

Egg white omelette, black bread, coffee without sugar.
Cottage cheese with fresh fruit, tea.
Milk soup, grilled fish, vegetable stew, tomato juice.
Biscuits, cheese, rosehip broth.
Salad of boiled beets, carrots and potatoes, steamed turkey meatballs, skim milk.

Friday

Rice porridge, dried fruits, tea.
Curd pudding, bun with poppy seeds, glass of low-fat kefir.
Cheese soup with vegetables, steamed meatballs, carrot salad with a small amount olive oil, mineral water.
Casserole with vermicelli and fruit, jelly.
Fish dumplings, baked zucchini, rosehip infusion.

Saturday

Omelette, a piece of stale bread, tea.
Mashed potatoes, boiled beef, compote.
Cream soup with weak meat broth, fish baked in foil, vegetable salad, fruit juice.
Meat pudding, tea.
Rice milk porridge, jelly.

Sunday

Oatmeal with honey, fruit, coffee with milk.
Omelette, biscuits, tea.
Buckwheat soup, steamed vegetables and chicken breast, rosehip infusion.
Meatloaf, vegetable puree, a glass of kefir.
Pasta, stewed cauliflower, jelly.

Features of the menu for pancreatitis for children

Children with pancreatitis should strictly adhere to a special diet. Their diet should include milk porridges and light vegetable soups, fish and meat meatballs or steamed cutlets, low-fat fermented milk products, boiled chicken meat, vegetables, and non-acidic fruits.

When pancreatitis worsens, children, like adults, abstain from food for 1-2 days. They are only allowed to drink warm rosehip decoction and slightly alkaline mineral water. When the symptoms of pancreatitis weaken, liquid porridge with milk, vegetable puree, compote, light soups, protein omelettes and steamed cutlets are allowed on the menu.

After 7-10 days, the children’s diet can be expanded: casseroles, fish balls, cottage cheese with fruit puree are prepared for them. If the dynamics of pancreatitis are positive, after 3-4 weeks children can eat low-fat cheeses, boiled lean meat and fish, pasta, cereals, baked and stewed vegetables, hard-boiled eggs.

To ensure normal digestion during pancreatitis, all food should be crushed, warm, without spices, with a small amount of salt.

When introducing approved foods into the diet, you need to monitor the child and if bloating, nausea, or diarrhea appear, which are signs of pancreatitis, immediately abandon them.

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process in the pancreas. There are acute forms and chronic forms of the disease. In this article we will look at the second option.

Etiology of the disease

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The causes of this disease are liver disease, as well as gallbladder, excessive consumption of fatty foods, viral infections, operations on the pancreas (organ), injuries, as well as psychogenic influences - stress, nervous strain, causing spasm of blood vessels and ducts of the gland. But the most common cause of the disease is alcohol consumption along with heavy food intake.

Symptoms

Due to changes in the acidity of the environment in the small intestine (shift to the acidic side), the patient experiences heartburn. The most characteristic symptom with chronic pancreatitis there is pain in the upper abdomen, and the pain can also be girdling. The pain intensifies after eating spicy, fatty or fried foods. Therefore, for a chronic disease, it is necessary to prescribe a special one.

Diet

Therapeutic fasting

In case of exacerbation, diet, therapeutic fasting and alkaline mineral waters. During the period of remission, the energy needs of the body must be covered and specific ratios of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and increased doses of vitamins must be provided.

The amount of protein in the diet should be 100-120 g per day (preference should be given to animal protein (at least 60% of the total)). Sources can be the following dishes: low-fat cutlets and meatballs from rabbit meat, turkey or steamed chicken, or simply boiled meat, non-acidic low-fat cottage cheese, low-fat fish. The diet involves reducing the amount of fat in the diet to 70-85 g per day. If exceeded daily norm Enzyme preparations are required. The diet also limits carbohydrate intake to approximately 300-330 g per day (chocolate, carbonated drinks and ice cream, as well as fresh wheat bread are excluded).

What fats can you eat? Butter(up to 40 grams per day), refined vegetable oil (sunflower) (up to 20 grams per day), a small amount of sour cream or cream.

Diet meat

lean meat (rabbit, chicken, turkey), low-fat cottage cheese, low-fat fish;
porridges that contain a small amount of fiber (for example, rice porridge made from polished rice), semolina porridge, boiled oatmeal on the water; buckwheat and wheat porridge in limited quantities;
vegetables (pumpkin, potatoes, carrots, zucchini, cauliflower, tomatoes, sweet peppers. Red and white cabbage, beets, radishes and radishes in small quantities);
fruits (unsweetened apples, baked pears, bananas, strawberries, watermelon, tangerines, pomegranate, dried blueberries, cherries, strawberries. You should limit your consumption of raspberries, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, grapes, gooseberries, blackberries, dried apricots and raisins);
soups made from potato broth or chicken breast broth. You should not eat okroshka or cabbage soup;
you can eat dried rye or wheat bread;
jelly, weak tea with milk, fruit juices, rosehip decoction.

Junk food for pancreatitis

fresh bread, filled pastries, cookies, pasta and flour products;
fatty meat;
fatty fish and fried fish;
canned food, sausages, smoked products;
margarine, lard;
pulses: peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils. Young green beans allowed in small quantities;
cheese masses, fatty cottage cheese and yogurt with a high fat content;
hard-boiled chicken eggs;
mushrooms;
dishes with a lot of spices;
carbonated drinks and alcohol;
caffeinated drinks.

With chronic pancreatitis, you should eat small meals five to six times a day to avoid overeating and excessive stress on the gland. The diet involves preparing dishes from fresh ingredients. Meals are recommended to be taken at the same time every day.

Since pancreatitis primarily affects the pancreas, the entire diet is aimed at reducing acid formation in the stomach. This in turn leads to suppression of the enzymatic function of the pancreas and promotes rapid relief of inflammation.

Important! Regular diet helps to avoid surgical intervention, suppresses the acute phase, and increases the patient’s life expectancy. Dietary nutrition is the fundamental principle of treatment of chronic and acute pancreatitis.

General principles of nutrition and diet for pancreatitis

Doctors prescribe a gentle diet (table No. 5). The patient's diet consists of boiled foods and steamed dishes. Before eating, it is recommended to grind food using a blender or grater. Difficult to digest foods and foods that cause active secretory activity are excluded from the menu. Namely:

Fried foods (pork, beef lard, vegetable fats);
Salty and spicy dishes;
Carbonated and alcoholic drinks;
Chocolate;
Freshly squeezed juices;
Fatty broths;
Bean products and millet;
Smoked products;
Canned food;
Sushi;
Fresh bread, puff pastry or pastry products;
Whole milk, cream, whey;
Salty cheeses;
Mushrooms;
Radish;
Radish;
Garlic;
Pepper;
Nuts in any form;
Ginger;
Citrus;
Any spices;

You may notice that a fairly large number of everyone’s favorite products are prohibited or limited. However, it is important to know this diet, and even more important to follow it. In this case, the functioning of the pancreas improves, and the attack is stopped much faster.

Important! After discharge from the hospital, it is recommended to limit yourself in food for another 8-12 months. But this does not mean that you can then not follow the diet. Even after this period, it is necessary to limit yourself in food. The diet should be for you unique culture nutrition that will firmly and permanently enter your daily life.

How to create a daily menu for pancreatitis

The total calorie content of food should be 2500-2700 kcal per day. The emphasis is on protein foods. The menu is designed so that the patient receives up to 80 g per day of protein, 300 g of carbohydrates and 50 g of fat.

All dishes are served warm (but not hot), in a semi-liquid or liquid state.

Read also: What you can and cannot eat with pancreatitis

The first meal contains 40% of all carbohydrates, proteins and fats, it is the most energetic. Various porridges, jelly and other drinks are consumed here. You can add a piece of lean meat to your breakfast menu.

Lunch must include two dishes, one of which is soup. Dinner consists of light, low-calorie food and a fermented milk drink. Between them, two snacks of vegetables, baked fruit or cottage cheese are required.

Sample menu for a week for a patient with pancreatitis

To reduce the load on the pancreas, improve digestion and prevent further progression of the disease, it is important to eat properly during the day and plan your nutrition menu correctly.

Wednesday
7.00-9.00	11.00-12.00	13.00-15.00	16.00-17.00	18.00-20.00
Fish meatballs with spaghetti and jelly.	Vinaigrette without adding onions, with pieces of cauliflower and broccoli and rosehip infusion.	Zucchini soup, steamed turkey fillet cutlets, mashed potatoes, dried fruit compote.	Curd pudding without sugar, sweet tea.	Vegetable stew stew with chicken pieces, a glass of kefir

You can consume crackers from rye bread, 50 grams of sugar and jam. Such nutrition will minimize the load on the pancreas and normalize metabolism.

Important! Proper nutrition is truly the most important key to successful treatment of pancreatitis. However, do not forget about drug treatment. Antisecretory drugs are prescribed, which also inhibit the formation of enzymes by the pancreas. Every component of therapy is important for successful treatment, so strictly follow all doctor’s recommendations to overcome this disease.

Diet for acute pancreatitis

The main principle of treatment of acute pancreatitis is hunger and rest for the first four days after the attack. The fact is that when food enters the stomach, the pancreas reflexively releases a lot of enzymes that act aggressively, including on itself. A healthy pancreas is able to inactivate them, unlike an inflamed one. If food is introduced during an attack, the enzymes released by the affected pancreas will damage it even more.

During the acute period of the disease, patients lose their appetite. During these four days, warm alkaline drinking is allowed (mineral waters of Borjomi, Narzan), which will neutralize the aggressive acidic environment of the stomach, remove inflammatory toxins, suppress the enzymatic activity of the pancreas, and reduce pain. Then the patient must adhere to a gentle diet for a year.

Porridges and soups cooked with herbal decoctions are allowed.
You can include low-fat meat and fish products, cottage cheese and vegetables in the menu.
For sweets, fruit juices, honey, sugar, and puddings are allowed.
At night, drink laxative fermented milk products: kefir, bifidok.

Nutrition for pancreatitis: what to eat and what not to eat. Pancreatitis and therapeutic diet Sample menu for exacerbation of pancreatitis