Speech therapy classes 5-6 years. Speech therapy classes and exercises: developing the child’s correct speech. "Who said 'Meow?'"

The purity of a preschooler’s speech is the key to his future student victories. It's no secret that children who have problems pronouncing sounds learn worse. In addition, they are more withdrawn, because the communication they have to do with their peers takes too much energy from them.

To be understood, such children need to try, and therefore it is at the age of 5-6 that complexes begin to form that can accompany a person for the rest of his life. Parents can help their child themselves, at home.

In this material we will present several of the most effective speech therapy classes and methods of speech development for children 5-6 years old.

Diagnosis of disorders - when does a child need help?

Quite often, parents who notice certain mangled words and unclear pronunciation in their child mistakenly believe that with age everything will improve on its own.

There is some truth in this - the speech apparatus of preschool children is imperfect, it is in the process of formation. Children actually manage to “outgrow” a number of problems with pronunciation of sounds. However, it is irresponsible to rely on this, especially since Not all speech defects correct themselves with age.

At 5-6 years old, a child may experience various disorders that will require different approaches and the help of different specialists:

Dislalia

With this disorder, the child’s hearing is not impaired, there are no pronounced problems with the speech apparatus, but he Pronounces consonants incorrectly.

Most often children confuse the sounds “SH”, “Zh”, “L”, “R”. A child may replace the sound in a word with a similar one (mountain-bark), may skip the sound altogether, or may pronounce it incorrectly - deafening or voicing it.

Stuttering

IN preschool age This type of defect occurs most often. It manifests itself in stopping during pronunciation and difficulty in further pronunciation.

There are many reasons that can cause stuttering - from neurological problems to psycho-emotional disorders. At 5-6 years of age, the speech defect is very pronounced and cannot be confused with anything else.

Nasality

They say about such preschool children that they “gang”. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to understand what exactly a child is saying, since pronunciation “through the nose” distorts even the simple sounds of the native language.

Quite often the reason for this defect lies in ENT pathologies, for example, nasal congestion due to adenoids. However, even after treatment by an otolaryngologist, the child may continue to speak out of habit “through the nose” for some time. He needs developmental speech therapy sessions.

Speech underdevelopment

With normal development, a child of preschool age does not have difficulty composing sentences, even long ones, in which words are used in different cases and declensions.

When speech is underdeveloped, a child has difficulty “linking” individual words into a large logical chain, and also has problems with the endings of even well-known words. This is often due to the fact that parents and representatives of the older generation, when communicating with the child, they deliberately distorted words and used many diminutive suffixes(cup, plate, shoe), as well as “lisping”.

Speech delay

Such a disorder may be caused by insufficient communication with adults, lack of developmental communication, contact with peers, and may also be a consequence or symptom of neurological disorders, pathologies of the central nervous system.

In addition to home speech therapy classes, it is advisable for the child to visit a neurologist, a speech therapy specialist, and take part in group classes.

Home exercises for pronunciation of sounds

Classes at home have some advantages compared to classes with a speech therapist in a clinic. At home, everything is familiar and understandable to the child; there is no need to be embarrassed by strangers. In a playful form, home exercises give no less results than correction in the office of a professional speech therapist.

Speech defects in modern world Unfortunately, they occur in children more often than during their parents’ childhood. The point is the abundance of information, which largely replaces children's need for communication from a very early age.

Instead of playing with a friend or girlfriend on the playground, children prefer to spend their free time from kindergarten on the Internet, playing with a tablet or computer, or watching numerous cartoons on TV. All this does not contribute to the development of speech in any way.

At home, parents can combine speech therapy classes with preparation for school. This is quite simple to do; it is enough to combine exercises on pronunciation of sounds and syllables with games that train memory, memorizing rhymes and prose, and learning new information about the world around the baby.

The development of fine motor skills when learning to draw and write also helps to improve the speech apparatus.

Home activities are not only educational games and exercises for correcting speech defects, but also pleasant communication and interaction between the child and adults. It will undoubtedly benefit all participants in this process.

Exercises and games for speech development at home

Finger games will help prepare a child’s hands for writing, and at the same time improve the functioning of his speech apparatus. For them, you can use ready-made sets of finger characters - heroes of your favorite fairy tales.

You can compose your own fairy tales and stories on the go, and this will also help your child develop his imagination. It will be good if the performance “on the fingers” is accompanied by learned poems with elements of pure sayings.

It is better to choose pure phrases not only for the problematic sound, which the child is not very good at pronouncing, but also for other complex sounds too. For example, if your baby has problems with hissing sounds or the “L” sound, you should choose pure phrases that will require your baby to accurately pronounce these sounds:

And we have a commotion - thistles have grown,

To calm the commotion, we weeded the thistles!

If you have problems with the “S” sound, the following simple phrase will do:

Su-su, su-su-su, this is how an owl lives in the forest.

My sister and I brought sausage to the owl in the forest.

Sa-sa-sa, sa-sa-sa, a wasp flew to us,

A fox came running to us, a dragonfly visited us.

If you have problems pronouncing the sound “R”, this rhyme will help:

Ra-ra-ra, it's time for us to go home,

Ru-ru-ru, let's draw a kangaroo,

Ro-ro-ro, the rain drips into the bucket,

Roar, roar, tigers jumped from the mountain.

You can compose pure phrases yourself, the main thing is to put the problematic sound at the beginning and end of the phrase in such a way that it is not possible to replace it with a consonant other sound or omit it completely. It's not difficult at all.

The most successful example of pure language was known to our grandmothers and great-grandmothers. These are the familiar “Luli-Luli”:

Lyuli-lyuli-lyuli, the ghouls flew in,

Ghouls-ghouls, dear little paws,

Oh lyuli-lyuli-lyuli, we wove a wreath for them.

Many “folk” rhymes have an excellent speech therapy effect - “Geese-geese, ha-ha-ha” and others that are familiar to everyone from childhood.

You can structure the lesson according to the following scheme:

• Rhythmic movements to the beat of a song or phrase. Invite your child to walk in a circle, walking exclusively to the beat of the poem. Then the steps can be replaced with small jumps to the beat.
• Breathing exercises. After an active five minutes, invite your preschooler to breathe deeply. In this case, he should inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth in a thin stream.
• Emotional “coloring pages”. After breathing exercises ask the child to repeat the pure phrase with an emotional coloring. Let him use facial expressions and gestures to show a fox, an owl, a wasp, geese, etc. Help the child, come up with funny images that he will like to parody.

• Songs. And now you can sing rhymes and simple sayings. If you can’t even set them to simple music, as our great-grandmothers did, singing “Lyuli-lyuli-guli” at the cradle, then you can specially learn a simple song. Such songs can be found in numerous video lessons of speech therapy classes on the Internet.
• The next stage could be finger games. Ask the child to recite the proverb or poem again and demonstrate its plot on his fingers (the index and middle fingers, placed on pads, can depict a walking person, and the flapping of crossed palms demonstrates the flapping of the wings of geese, etc.

• After the above exercises, you can move on to calmer activities - logical and cognitive. Place pictures of animals and insects that were used in rhymes on the table in front of the preschooler. Ask to show and name those whose names have the sound “R” (fish, crayfish, crow), and then ask to show and name those whose names do not have “Z” (dog, owl, cat). This exercise will help your child master reading faster.
• At the end of the lesson, ask your child to repeat the new poem and individual words after you. Do this several times, clearly, not forgetting to praise the child. The next lesson should start with exactly this, a new rhyme or saying for a preschooler.

Gradually introduce tongue twisters (“The cap is not sewn in the Kolpakov style, the bell is not sewed in the Kolokolov style”, “Sasha walked along the highway and sucked on a dryer”, “There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass”, etc.).

Articulation gymnastics and pronunciation training

Do special gymnastics for your child’s speech apparatus every day. It’s best to start your next lesson with it. It will prepare the muscles, ligaments, tongue and lips for pronouncing sounds that are difficult for a preschooler.

Gymnastics is aimed at training the chewing, swallowing and facial muscles; they are the ones who jointly participate in the pronunciation process, making speech legible and understandable.

The process of pronunciation involves not only the lips and tongue, but also the respiratory organs, chest, shoulders, vocal cords. Take this into account when performing gymnastics and try to use all components of voice formation equally.

Gymnastics should be done while sitting, it is advisable to conduct 2-3 classes a day, and each should take no more than 5 minutes, during which time the child should complete 2-3 exercises from the complex.

First, parents will have to master all the exercises on their own in order to be able to show the preschooler and achieve clear and clean performance. To develop lips, it is worth doing simple exercises, such as holding your lips in a smile, while keeping your teeth completely closed.

You should start with 30 seconds and gradually hold the smile for 1-2 minutes. Folding the lips into a tube also effectively develops articulation. The principle is the same - at first the tube from the lips should be held for 20-30 seconds, but gradually the duration of the exercise increases.

It will be a little more difficult to fold your lips into a donut, while the teeth close tightly, and the lips are stretched out like a tube, but open, so you can see the teeth. Gradually, the tasks become more complicated and movement is added, which should give mobility to the lips. So, the lips in the tube can be moved in a circle, left and right, up and down, depicting an elephant’s trunk or a pig’s snout.

Elongated lips, folded like a fish, close and open. This results in an entertaining conversation between fish at the bottom of the sea. And if you exhale through your mouth, causing your lips to vibrate from the air flow, you will get a very funny angry horse that snorts just like a real one.

A very fun game will help strengthen a child’s lips, in which the child needs to draw something in the air with a pencil held between his lips. The adult’s task is to guess what the child has depicted.

To train your cheeks, you can play with balloons, inflating your cheeks and holding them in this state for as long as possible. At the same time, you can make funny faces. If you inflate the right and then the left cheek in turn, you will get a hamster, and if you pull both cheeks inside the mouth and hold them in this position, you will get a hungry and funny gopher.

Classes with a speech therapist for children 5 years old are extremely relevant. This is the age when there is very little left before school. Obviously, every first grader must pronounce sounds correctly, use words and their forms correctly, and correctly construct sentences and short stories. Therefore, it is worth using the time remaining before school as efficiently as possible.

Speech therapy classes for children 5-6 years old are included in the program of all groups of our center without exception. This means that all children, during group classes, together with an experienced speech therapist, work on the formation correct pronunciation, extension vocabulary, development of the richness of spoken language. This is an effective technique because working in a team has a stimulating effect.

Classes with a speech therapist for children 5 years old - when do you need to pay individual attention?

If we are talking about classes with children who do not have signs of vocabulary deficit or any defects in sound pronunciation, group work is sufficient. If a child pronounces sounds incorrectly or shows signs of insufficient speech development or age-related delays, preference should be given to individual work.

Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years in our club can be held in this form if necessary. An attentive, caring teacher will offer the most appropriate type of speech therapy massage in a particular case, draw up an exercise plan for the development of articulatory muscles and, of course, will be able to instill in the child the motivation to improve his speech.

The premises of our clubs are equipped with bactericidal devices, and are also regularly wet cleaned, treated with a steam cleaner, disinfected and ventilated, and children with signs of illness are not allowed to attend classes, so you do not have to be afraid that your child will become infected with colds from other children.

Speech therapy classes for children 5-6 years old - what methods are used?

Articulatory gymnastics are special exercises that help develop sufficient strength and at the same time elasticity of all elements of the speech apparatus. For example, they develop the mobility of the frenulum of the tongue, which contributes to better pronunciation of the sounds “r”, “l” and others. Speech therapy massage is a method of manual manipulation. During a session with a speech therapist for children 5 years old, the specialist massages certain areas, relieving tension in them. Exercises aimed at introducing new words and acquiring the skill of expressing thoughts. For example, it is possible to work in the form of composing a story based on a series of interesting images. The ability to present such a narrative is very useful for a future first-grader.

Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years are held in a fun, often playful way. Our students, approaching school age, are fully prepared for first grade. They demonstrate a wide range of knowledge, which they can present colorfully, and a stable motivation for cognitive activity. This can be achieved, in particular, thanks to classes with a speech therapist for children 5 years old.

Speech for children 4-5 years old is the main way of socialization. It is at this time that they begin to actively talk, make acquaintances, think logically and reason. It is important for parents not to miss the moment and start putting the correct speech the sooner the better. If your child is already four years old, it’s time to do this.

Speech characteristics of children 4-5 years old

At this age, children begin to be active. So, by the age of 5, on average, a child already has about three thousand words in stock. In addition, five-year students begin to create more complex sentence structures. If previously they consisted of a maximum of 3-4 words, then at this age one sentence can consist of up to 10 words.

Speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old are very important

Sentences produced by a child aged 4-5 years are not always logically correctly constructed. If a child is telling a long story or retelling a fairy tale, there is no need to correct him if the main idea or logic is lost. For this age this is within the normal range.

Pay attention! Also, at the age of five, children often not only tell what they saw or heard, but also make up stories themselves, without relying on their life experience. This only once again confirms the correctness of development. Ridiculous stories are one of its components.

Basic characteristics of a child’s speech at 4-5 years old

By the age of five, a child already begins to distinguish sounds and is able to determine the presence or absence of a particular sound in a certain word. Normally, during the period of 4-5 years, a child should already have completed the formation of the pronunciation of certain sounds and letters that were previously difficult to achieve. So, for example, at 4 years old all hissing sounds should already be present in speech. And by the age of 5, a child should master such complex sounds as “l” and “r”.

In practice, everything is not always so perfect and more than half of children have some speech deviations. The following speech underdevelopment occurs:

• phonetic;
• phonetic-phonemic;
• general.

Important! Simply put, children do not recognize, discriminate, or have serious difficulty pronouncing sounds.

How to conduct classes at home correctly

It is not necessary to immediately run to a speech therapist. To begin with, you can try exercises for speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old at home. They will help the child master correct speech, learn to hear and pronounce missing sounds.

Children should definitely be taught at home so that they learn how to pronounce sounds correctly.

Typically, speech therapists advise following these simple rules:

• Exercises should be performed every day, always in a child-friendly environment.
• Be sure to conduct lessons in a playful way. It is important to captivate the child so that the tasks do not seem boring and uninteresting to him. You can even arrange a sort of competition to see who can complete the tasks better or faster.
• You cannot criticize or make sarcastic remarks to your child. So the desire to learn something new will disappear completely. Be sure to praise your child when he completes a task. Even if something doesn’t work out, you need to praise him for trying.
• For classes, be sure to use literature that is designed to help parents teach their children independently. There are special reference books on speech therapy, which contain a lot of all kinds of exercises for kids, as well as recommendations for parents.
• A speech therapy exercise for children 4-5 years old can be turned into pleasure if you correct your speech by studying rhymes and tongue twisters. They will not only allow the child to quickly grasp the necessary sounds, but will also have a positive effect on the development of memory.
• You need to show your child an example of correct speech. Pronounce all words clearly so that the baby understands and clearly hears what is being said to him. You need to talk to him as much as possible, have conversations on any topic, tell different stories.

High-quality warm-up for lips and tongue

Warm up lips and tongue plays important role in the formation of correct speech.

Pay attention! The baby will begin to pronounce words more clearly, without swallowing the ending.

Exercises as a warm-up:

1. Stretch your lips in a smile without showing your teeth. You should try to smile as widely as possible.
2. Pull your lips forward as if they were an elephant’s proboscis.
3. Take turns inflating one or the other cheek, then retract them in the same order.
4. Open your mouth and pull your lower jaw as low as possible, while holding your tongue to the roof of your mouth.
5. Open your mouth, stick out your tongue. Then put it in your mouth. Do this exercise for 15 seconds.
6. Pull out your tongue and blow on a piece of cotton wool on the table until it falls off the table. Blowing with lips is prohibited.
7. Use the tip of your tongue to first move along the upper teeth from the inside, then along the lower teeth.
8. “Scratch” your tongue with your teeth, resting on the lower gum.

Important! To achieve visible results, you need to perform these exercises regularly. Each of them must be repeated at least 5-6 times.

Exercises for general speech development at home

At home, it is imperative to regularly spend 4-5 years, exercises of which include not only the speech part, but also.

Finger gymnastics

This set of simple exercises stimulates the part in the brain center that is responsible for correct speech. That is why fine motor skills classes are needed not only for the little ones, but also for preschoolers.

Finger exercises stimulate the part of the brain responsible for correct speech

All exercises are done 8-10 repetitions:

1. “Opening” and “closing” the fingers on each hand. First one by one, then together. You can gradually increase the speed.
2. Place your hands on the table: the left one touches the table with the palm, the right one with the back. Then at the same time you need to turn your hands over.
3. First, draw a river: fold your hands, palms up, as if you have water in them. Then depict a steamboat - put your palms together, press your thumbs together and lift them up. Then depict the fish that have swam: press all your fingers together, palms together and make movements with your hands, as if a fish is swimming.
4. Draw a tree with branches - arms vertically, fingers spread out in different directions. Then show the roots of the tree - in the same position, move your hands with your fingers down. Then show leaf fall: quickly, quickly clench and unclench your fingers.

Articulation gymnastics

These exercises are aimed at developing the tongue - the main organ responsible for the correct pronunciation of sounds.

1. Smile as wide as possible, teeth are closed, exactly on top of each other. Stay in this position and count 10 seconds.
2. Pull your lips forward and pretend as if an elephant is drawing water with its trunk. Stay for 10 seconds in this position.
3. Pretend to be a snake: smile broadly, stick out your tongue like a tube, then hide it back.
4. Open your mouth wide and make a clicking sound with your tongue, imitating a horse. In this case, it is important to ensure that the child’s lower jaw is motionless and only the tongue is working.
5. Smile widely, stick out your tongue as far as possible and lightly squeeze it between your teeth. In this position, “pull” the tongue back into the mouth.
6. Open your mouth wide, stick out your tongue and pretend to be a clock - moving your tongue from one corner of your mouth to the other.

Repeat all these exercises 8-10 times or for 10-15 seconds.

Games for developing phonemic sound

Speech therapy games for 4-5 year old children to develop phonemic sound must be included in daily classes. They are simple and at the same time interesting, and the results will not take long to arrive. After just a month of regular exercises, the quality of children's speech will noticeably improve.

• "Game of Silence" This game is very simple. The child is asked not to make a sound for 2 minutes and close his eyes. As soon as the time is up, then ask the baby to tell what sounds he heard.
• "Clap-stomp." The essence of the game: agree in advance with the child which sound he will stomp on and which sound he will clap on. For example, if he hears the sound [w], then he stomps his foot, if the sound [r], then he claps his palms. Next, the adult names different sounds, and when the child hears the ones he needs, he claps or stomps.
• "Catch the word." The essence of this game is simple: the child is given a word, upon hearing which he will have to clap his hands. Next, the adult names several words in turn that sound similar. As soon as the child hears what he needs, he should clap his hands.

To develop phonemic sound, it is necessary to regularly play speech therapy games

Features of practicing hissing sounds

To teach a child, you must first play the whistles. If a child in the fourth year of life has learned to pronounce whistling sounds, then there should be no problems with hissing sounds. You can install them with a few simple exercises.

• "Naughty tongue." The child sticks the tip of his tongue out of his mouth. Then he lightly slaps it with his fingers, while saying: “five-five-five.”
• "Delicious jam." The lower lip is pulled down so that the teeth are visible. And the tip of the tongue licks the upper lip, as if it is very sweet there. At the same time, the lower jaw should remain motionless during the exercise.
• “Hide the candy.” Mouth closed. Tighten your tongue and touch your left, then your right cheek. It's like there's candy hiding behind your cheek.

Repeat exercises at least 5 times.

Pay attention! Producing the sounds of native speech is very important for children. It will help them not only make contact with their peers, but also better master the preschool and school curriculum. Parents have the power to help their children avoid difficulties in the future and put the sounds correctly in time.

Improving a child’s speech at home

When a child begins to make his first sounds, we are touched, it seems so funny and amusing to us. But if you hear such speech from an adult, then this admiration will disappear. But the ability to speak correctly needs to be developed in early childhood, and if this is not done, in the future a person will not be able to fully communicate with other people, his speech will be distorted, ugly and incomprehensible. And if your child is already experiencing difficulties in pronouncing any sounds, conduct speech therapy classes and exercises with him - they perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, improve speech, and teach children to correctly express their thoughts.

Ideally, by the age of 4-5 years, children master clear pronunciation of all sounds. For various reasons, the process of developing correct sound pronunciation slows down for many preschool children.

Defects in sound pronunciation will not disappear on their own; to eliminate them, systematic exercises with a speech therapist, as well as joint classes with parents, are necessary. A properly structured training system is your main assistant. In this article we will reveal for you several simple techniques and exercises, by doing which your child will learn correct pronunciation

Where to start speech therapy exercises? The structure of a well-constructed lesson.

After a thorough diagnosis of the child’s speech, you can begin classes aimed at correcting it. It is worth noting that as a result of a speech examination, the specialist receives information concerning not only his speech development, but also his intellectual and psychomotor development.

A competent specialist uses this data to influence the child using the most developed resources of the child himself, based on what is interesting to the child. He will offer you the most optimal scheme for constructing a speech therapy lesson.

Remember that at this age 15-20 minutes is enough; material given in excess of the norm will not bring results and will not be absorbed in full. Also understand that play is the main activity at 4-5 years old, so the process of correcting sound pronunciation is built in a playful form.

Types of speech therapy classes for children

Speech development classes may consist of:

• finger games;
• articulatory gymnastics;
• games for onomatopoeia, hearing development, logorhythmics (poetry with movements);
• poems for replenishing vocabulary, speech development.

Speech therapy classes should be conducted daily. The most difficult thing about them is to be able to interest the child. Therefore, it is not at all necessary that such classes be conducted like lessons at school, where students humbly sit at their desks and the teacher explains a new topic in a monotone voice. For kids, such activities are akin to torture. Turn on your imagination: let your baby learn with you, playing on the rug, sitting on a pillow, hiding in his hut, jumping or running... The main thing is the final result. Build your lessons in a playful way - this way your child will remember the material better and won’t get tired at all.

In addition, when arranging speech therapy classes with your child at home, you should:

1. Start classes with 2-3 minutes, gradually increasing their duration to 15-20 minutes.
2. Make classes interesting so that the child has a desire to study. Never force your child to do exercises - you will get the opposite result.
3. Perform tasks more often, but let them be short-term.
4. Treat your child’s failures easily, without shouting, with understanding. Analyze each situation together, for example, look for the reason why the child has such a naughty tongue, and how to fix it.

Now let's look at each of the types of speech therapy games listed above.

Finger games

Through finger games, a child's fine motor skills develop. How does this help speech development? Scientists have found that there is a close relationship between the human hand and the part of the brain that is responsible for speech. Therefore, by learning texts using finger exercises, the child develops spatial thinking, imagination, reaction speed, attention and emotional expressiveness. Memorizing texts occurs faster, and speech becomes more expressive.

The effectiveness of finger games is achieved if you work with your child daily, devoting only 5 minutes to such exercises. Let's look at a few examples of finger games.

1. "Flower". Fingers pointing up, gathered together. We make a bud from half-bent palms, pressing them together. We begin to pronounce the quatrain, performing movements on every second line:

   The sun is rising -

   The bud is blooming! (spread the fingers of both hands to the sides, keeping the lower part of the palms together)

   The sun is setting -

   The flower goes to bed! (return to the starting position).

2. "Kitty." Place your palms on the table and clench them into fists. To the words “Fist - palm. “I’m walking like a cat,” we simultaneously straighten our fingers, without lifting the handles from the surface of the table, and squeeze them. To complicate the exercise, unclench your palms alternately on the count of “one, two.” You need to repeat the exercise 3-5 times.
3. "The bird is flying." Cross your arms with your palms in front of you. Interlace your thumbs together to imitate the head of a bird. The remaining fingers are wings that will need to be flapped without separating the fingers.

   The birds have flown (flapping their wings)

   We sat down and sat, (press our palms to our chests)

4. "Maple". This game is suitable for children 3 years of age. All movements are performed in accordance with the text of the poem:

   The wind quietly shakes the maple tree, (spread your fingers and pull them up)

   Tilts to the right, to the left: (swing your palms to the right and left)

   One – tilt and two – tilt, (tilt your palms as low as possible in the indicated directions)

   The maple leaves rustled. (we move our fingers quickly)

5. "Cake". We perform movements according to the text of a poetic work.

   We remember the dough with our hands (squeeze and unclench your fingers several times)

   We will bake a sweet cake. (think imaginary dough)

   Lubricate the middle with jam (make circular movements with your palms on the table surface)

   And the top with delicious cream (with three palms touching each other in a circular motion)

   And coconut crumbs

   We will decorate the cake a little (we imitate the action with both hands)

   And then we’ll make tea -

   Invite a friend to visit! (we shake our left hand with our right hand).

6. "Winter". Suitable for children 4-7 years old.

   One, two, three, four, five, (fingers bend one at a time)

   We went out into the yard for a walk.

   We sculpted a snow grandmother (we perform the movement of sculpting snow balls)

   The birds were fed grains (we throw grains, rubbing our fingers together)

   After we rode down the hill, (we run the palm of our right hand over our left palm)

   They were happily lying around in the snow. (we alternately place the pens on the table surface, either with our palms or with our backs)

   We came home in the snow, (shake off the snow from our palms)

   We ate borscht and went to bed. (we make movements with a spoon and pretend to be asleep by folding our hands, palms to palms, and placing them under our cheeks)

Finger games can be used as physical education during speech therapy classes. They help to change the type of activity without losing children's attention and desire to learn. In addition, it is interesting, fun and useful. The main thing is to tell the poems with exciting expression and clearly show the movements.

In addition, finger games help:

• develop coordination of movements of both arms of the child;
• combine the child’s speech and physical activities, use them simultaneously;
• develop precise and differentiated movements of children’s fingers and hands;
• learn to repeat the movements of adults;
• become more attentive, develop visual perception;
• improve memory, imagination, perseverance.

Finger games need to be done systematically. Classes are possible with one child or with a group of children. However, it is important to take into account the age of the children, their mood, readiness for classes, desire and opportunity.

Articulation gymnastics

You can find the presentation and musical accompaniment for articulatory gymnastics on this page.

Articulatory gymnastics is necessary for correct sound pronunciation, strengthening the muscles of the face, tongue, lips, and soft palate. There are many exercises, a specialist will help you choose the most suitable ones for your sounds.

Tasks are divided into static and dynamic. Each has a name that your baby can easily remember, which will make it much easier to understand the instructions during class. With a little imagination, you can go on fabulous trips with your child, where main character there will be a baby's tongue. There are many variations, it all depends on you. Below are the same exercises; after reading the descriptions, you will understand that they are not complicated and do not require additional knowledge from you (parents).

Articulatory gymnastics is a group of exercises for the tongue and lips. They are the main ones in the process of sound pronunciation. If the tongue is not developed enough, a person will not be able to pronounce sounds, which means that his speech will be incomprehensible or not clear enough.

They perform articulatory gymnastics in front of a mirror - this way you can see the correct movements of the tongue and lips during exercise. It is very important for children to see how his tongue and lips move, how and where they are located. This way, understanding of their correct location quickly comes, on which the effectiveness of articulatory gymnastics depends. Speech therapists recommend doing the exercises twice a day for 5-7 minutes. As a result, your child will receive correct and clear speech.

Let's look at a few simple but effective exercises.

1. "Smile." Stretch your lips strongly in a smile, but your teeth should not be visible. Hold a smile for 30 seconds.
2. "Fence". Smile hard so that your teeth are visible, hold the smile.
3. “Let’s punish the naughty tongue.” Open your mouth slightly, place your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, pronounce “five-five-five...”.
4. "Tube". Open your mouth, stick out your tongue and try to bend its side edges upward in the form of a tube, hold it in this position for 30 seconds.
5. “Let’s lick the jam.” Slowly, without lifting the tongue, first lick the upper lip from corner to corner, then repeat the procedure with the lower lip.
6. “The clock is tick-tock.” Make a smile, open your mouth slightly, then use the tip of your tongue to touch the corners of your mouth one by one.
7. “Brushing our teeth.” Smile, open your mouth slightly, then with the tip of your tongue, pressing it hard enough, brush the inside of the teeth of the lower row (7-10 times). Repeat the same exercise with the teeth of the upper row (7-10 times).
8. "Swing". Smile and open your mouth wide. Then lower the tip of the tongue behind the bottom row of teeth by “one”, and lift it by the top row by “two”. Repeat – 4-5 times.
9. "Snake". Open your mouth, stick out the narrow part of your tongue from your mouth and quickly hide it back. Touching teeth and lips is prohibited.
10. "Rent a pencil." Place a pencil on the table in front of the child. Ask him to smile, place the wide front part of the tongue on the lower lip and, slowly (exhaling air), blow on the pencil so that it rolls along the surface.

In addition to articulatory gymnastics, exercises are used aimed at developing the voice, breathing, and speech hearing. In this complex, classes will allow the child to develop correct sound pronunciation.

Logorhythmics, hearing development and onomatopoeia

Phonemic hearing (also called speech hearing) is the ability to distinguish, understand and produce sounds. With insufficient development of speech hearing, the perception of what is heard is distorted, and accordingly, speech is produced incorrectly and unclearly. To correct or prevent the development of this problem, the following exercises are performed with children:

1. “Ears-hearing” is a game for developing hearing. The goal is to improve auditory attention and strengthen the ability to distinguish sounds. The adult shows the child several different objects that can make sounds - spoons, drums, glasses, rattles, maracas, etc. Together with your baby, you need to listen to how objects sound. Then the adult asks the child to turn away and guess what object will sound behind him.
2. “Where is it ringing?” - exercise for hearing development. To play you will need a bell and a spacious room. The child stands with his eyes closed, while the adult quietly moves around the room, ringing the bell in different places. The child’s task is to point with his hand where the bell rang without turning around.
3. Onomatopoeia games: in principle, any children’s story-based picture is suitable for this exercise. For example, in the picture a girl is rocking a doll: “Oksana puts the doll Masha to sleep and says ah-ah. Let's help her together! A-ah-ah!” Help your child, use movements that imitate rocking a baby, control your baby’s articulation.
4. Exercises to imitate the voices of birds and animals. To make such games more interesting, it is recommended to use pictures or figures of animals and their babies as visual material. For example, the game "Komarik". For this you will need an image of a mosquito. The adult says: “Meet this mosquito’s name Stepan. When he flies, he likes to sing the song z-z-z. Can you sing this song? Let's try it together with Stepan! Z-z-z.” Then we invite the child to catch the “mosquito” in his fist and listen to his song. We grab the air with our fist, bring it to our ear and pronounce: z-z-z. Next, we invite the child to also catch the “mosquito” and listen to its song. You can imitate everyday noises: scissors cutting - chick-chick, water dripping - drip-drip, etc.
5. Logorhythmics are speech therapy exercises that combine movements, speech and music. Children really like this type of activity - they find it fun and interesting. First, the adult reads the verse and shows the movements, all of which is accompanied by skillfully selected music. Then the children repeat everything themselves or with an adult - it couldn’t be simpler. The main thing is to prepare thoroughly in advance. For example, the game "Walk".

   Along a narrow path (we walk in place)

   Our legs walked (we walk, raising our legs high)

   Over the pebbles, over the pebbles (we slowly shift from foot to foot)

   And into the hole... bang! (jump and sit on the floor)

Poems for replenishing vocabulary, speech development

You can download poems and exercises for them.

Tongue twisters are great for speech development - these are small rhyming phrases. With their help, speech becomes clear and correctly correct, they increase the child’s vocabulary, improve speech hearing, and improve diction.

The beavers go into the cheese forests,

Beavers are kind, beavers are kind.

Dali along with curdled milk

Our Klasha porridge.

Ate-ate porridge Klasha

Along with curdled milk.

Six little mice rustle in the reeds.

Sasha knocked off the cones with his hat,

I got a bruise on my forehead.

Mama washed Mila with soap,

Mila didn't like soap.

There are many such tongue twisters, you can find them in specialized literature for children. You shouldn’t immediately learn complex poems with your child - start small. And remember: the child knows and understands much more words than he pronounces; they are simply, so to speak, “in sleep mode.” And for the baby to start using these words in communication, you need to help him. And this can be done by constantly studying with him, reading books to the child, looking at pictures with him, commenting on what he saw or heard. Help your child become an erudite person with beautiful diction and competent speech. And then successful and happy life he will be provided with.

The first sounds and words of a little man are quite funny and bring smiles to adults. However, no one will smile if they hear inverted words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is important element our life. The ability to correctly and competently express one’s thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate answers to questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all sounds is something that not only children, but also adults should strive for.

Speech therapy classes for children at home are constant communication with the child in a playful way. Once your child is interested, you can engage with him by playing games for speech development such as

• finger games (games for developing fine motor skills)
• articulation gymnastics
• games for hearing development, games for sound vibration and logorhythmics (poems with movements)
• poems for speech development and vocabulary replenishment

The most difficult thing is to interest the child. And this is a very serious task. After all, sitting down a little fidget is not so easy. In general, it is not necessary to sit him down; you can work with the child when he is playing in his hut or jumping on the sofa. Classes should be held in a playful way. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without hysterics and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting homeschooling with your children:

• classes should initially be short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes at a time.
• The child should enjoy the activities. Don’t force or insist, as this can completely discourage your child from wanting to do anything.
• It’s better to practice more often, but little by little. Frequently performing the same exercise, the child develops a skill.
• use laughter during classes. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child fails to do something. It’s better to find out with your child why his tongue is so naughty and how to fix it. It is better to be an ally and friend to a child than a strict teacher. How to properly praise a child.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. There is a close relationship between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using “finger” gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, and develops reaction speed and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to exercise every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulation gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the speech organs. The tongue must be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. Lips and tongue should be flexible and strong.

To perform articulation gymnastics you need a mirror. The child must see how his tongue works and where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automaticity, you need to constantly practice. It is important to perform the exercises correctly and carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to perform tasks that are aimed at developing the voice, breathing and speech hearing.

• Games for sounds, hearing development and logarithmics

Speech or phonemic hearing is the ability to correctly hear, recognize and differentiate sounds.

Games for hearing development

1. “Ears are rumors”

Target: consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

The speech therapist shows wooden and metal spoons and crystal glasses. Children name these objects. The teacher offers to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, he reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. “Who said “Meow?”

Target: improve the ability to distinguish the voices of domestic animals by ear.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with the sounds of pets.

3. “Who is standing at the traffic light?”

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name types of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noises.

The speech therapist plays an audio recording with street sounds. Children listen to sounds and name vehicles stopped at a traffic light (car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. “Where is it ringing?”

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with eyes closed.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell moves silently around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game “Thunderstorm”

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in the dynamics and tempo of the sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

Drops dripped (knock on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (quietly knock with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (tapping loudly with four fingers).
It started hailing (knock their finger bones, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder rolls (drum your fists on the table).
Lightning flashes (draw lightning in the air with your fingers, make the sound sh).
Everyone quickly runs home (clap your hands, hide your hands behind your back).
The sun is shining brightly in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction, following the speaker, of the sounds, words, and phrases he has spoken.

To play, use animal figures or pictures. Mothers and their babies. After all, the mother frog screams KWA, and the little frog screams KWA. Remember the fairy tale about the three bears, papa bear growls loudly, mama bear is quieter, and the cub squeaks.

Games to imitate household noises:

• The clock is ticking - TICK-TOCK
• Water is dripping - Drip-Drip
• The baby is stomping - TOP-TOP
• The hammer knocks KNOCK KNOCK
• Scissors cut CHICK-CHICK
• On the swing we swing KACH-KACH
• We eat carrots CRUM-CRUM
• The car is driving BBC

Speech therapy rhythmics or logorhythmics- a combination of movement, speech and music. The adult reads the verse and shows the movements, the child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children have fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary poems in advance and learn the movements to them. You also need to select musical accompaniment for the poems in advance. It is advisable to exercise in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Game "Walk" (development of general motor skills)
Along a narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising legs high)
By the pebbles, by the pebbles (shuffle from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole... bang! (sit on the floor on the last word)

• Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhyming phrases. Tongue twisters are the best exercises to practice clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase a child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

In order for a child to speak competently and be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

• passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
• active vocabulary (those words that the child speaks)

Initially, the child’s active vocabulary is small, but over time, the child will transfer those words that were in the passive dictionary to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

I use various manuals to work with my child; one of the latest successful acquisitions is “Big Album on Speech Development” and “Lessons of a Speech Therapist. Games for speech development."

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This book consists of 3 sections, for each section there are given detailed instructions how to practice

• finger gymnastics
  • 1 group. Exercises for the hands (pages 8-29)
  • 2nd group. Finger exercises are conditionally static (pages 30-47)
  • 3rd group. Dynamic finger exercises (pages 48-57)
• articulation gymnastics. Presented using fairy tales with verses, there are additional cards plus there are images of the correct result of the exercise. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing and auditory attention.
• tongue twisters. They are grouped according to “difficult” sounds, which helps your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here. If you have questions about the book, please ask.

This book has 3 blocks, each for a specific age:

• Developing baby's speech (pages 6-89)
  • development of speech understanding
  • development of general motor skills
  • breathing exercises
  • finger games
  • articulation gymnastics
  • onomatopoeia
• Developing the speech of a younger preschooler (pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
• Developing the speech of an older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, development logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book (on Ozone appeared), but is available separately books for kids children from 3 to 6 years old And older preschoolers. Which is also very convenient if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was already 3 years old. But I wasn’t worried, my daughter is growing up, and we will study the first block with her.

Work with your child only in a good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help him overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and closer. Be patient and good luck!

How do you work with your child? What do you use for this? Does your child like to study? Please share in the comments your methods for developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

About how to teach a child to say what to do and what not to do.