How to create natural ventilation in the kitchen. How to properly ventilate a kitchen with a hood. Local ventilation for the kitchen

Just a couple of decades ago, the ventilation system in the kitchen performed the functions of an orderly and a cleaner in one device. First of all, it was necessary to fight odors, the hot air cloud surrounding the stove, and dust and grease deposits on the furniture, without which not a single cooking process can be done. Already modern version ventilation for the kitchen is mainly aimed at effective and complete protection against toxic carbon fumes and gases, saving heat and electricity.

The main components of ventilation for the kitchen

The normal state of the atmosphere in a room where a gas or electric stove is periodically operating is formed large number odors and fumes can be maintained thanks to three main components of kitchen ventilation:

Forced ventilation, usually a hood in the form of an umbrella or horn mounted above the hob. For a large kitchen, there may be several points of intake of polluted flow or just windows in the air ducts. The exhaust ventilation system accounts for up to 90% of the load on cleaning the atmosphere of the kitchen, and sometimes the entire apartment;
Natural supply and exhaust ventilation, based on ventilation ducts built into the building structure. A simple and reliable way to remove air flow due to natural draft in a brick ventilation shaft of a high-rise building. Provides 20-25% of maximum influx demand fresh air. This is enough to create comfortable atmosphere in the apartment, but clearly not enough to fully combat gas combustion products and fumes.

It is imperative to remember window ventilation transoms and supply valves. As a rule, they are not mentioned, considering them simply a way to ventilate the kitchen and apartment. But it is the air supply devices that make it possible to effectively control the flow of fresh air into the apartment and kitchen, ensuring minimal heat loss.

The method of planning and constructing a ventilation system in the kitchen largely depends on the layout and condition of the apartment. In new apartment projects, there may be no natural duct ventilation, but in this case there must be a forced air flow removal system.

Soviet-built apartments, as a rule, were equipped with small kitchens with mandatory ventilation outlets, most often without umbrella hoods. Owners installed and connected horns or umbrellas to exhaust ducts mostly on their own.

This does not mean that natural ventilation in the kitchen in an apartment with an old layout does not cope with its functions. The simplified kitchen ventilation system provided sufficient power, but its configuration and location did not prevent the deposition of grease and dust deposits on the walls and furniture of the kitchen, and sometimes the apartment.

Installation of a ventilation system with natural air flow

Kitchen ventilation system in an apartment multi-storey building has certain advantages in comparison with the operating conditions of ventilation in the kitchen of private housing construction:

The section of the ventilation pipe rising from the kitchen to the roof is located at a height of at least 16-18 m. A decent height provides two to three times greater level of natural draft than in the pipe of a one or two-story house;
The kitchen ventilation shaft is combined into one package with ducts from other apartments; the entire shaft is closed and isolated from the outside atmosphere. As a result, the polluted air remains warm for a long time and is guaranteed to overcome the rise to the emission point on the roof.

Tall pipes provide a sufficient level of vacuum in the kitchen ventilation system, but this is not enough. The presence of draft in itself is always welcome, but you also need to be able to correctly configure the operation of natural ventilation.

Improving the natural ventilation system

As a rule, the intake window for natural ventilation in the kitchen is always located on the main wall - a partition separating two adjacent apartments. The distance from the air intake grille of the ventilation duct to the supply valve or window transom is only 1.5-2 m. With this layout, all kitchen ventilation is reduced to a powerful draft between the window and the ventilation duct grille. The rest of the room is filled with gas combustion products, hot and moist air, which spread throughout the apartment. There are several ways to fix ventilation in the kitchen yourself.

Most effective way boils down to this:

Along the perimeter of the kitchen ceiling, a closed or horseshoe-shaped box of ventilation pipes with several air-receiving grille windows is installed;
The outlets from the air ducts are connected to the intake window of the kitchen ventilation shaft;
Fresh air supply valves are installed in the window frame above the window sill;
To capture hot air, the slabs are equipped with a cone or umbrella air intake with an individual air duct leading directly to the common ventilation duct.

In order not to introduce dissonance into the kitchen interior, ventilation pipes are usually hidden under the lining of a suspended ceiling, for example, made of PVC or MDF boards.

Important! Between the ceiling ventilation in the kitchen and the umbrella air duct, you need to install a bypass valve that blocks the flow of hot air from one pipe to another.

If, according to the conditions for installing ventilation in the kitchen, the ceiling height is clearly insufficient, then the air ducts are masked with material to match the finish of the furniture cabinets, and the intake windows are moved to the back or side wall of the ventilation duct.

There are also projects for embedding boxes into kitchen walls, but such a solution is only possible if washable wallpaper or wall tiles are used in the kitchen and apartment.

Solving ventilation problems in the kitchen

A distinctive feature of the above diagram is the unusual location of the supply valve. Setting the ventilation inflow in the kitchen at a height of 100-110 cm is considered too low. For normal window fogging, supply valves are installed either above window frame, or on the wall above the radiator. In fact, similar rules apply to residential premises of an apartment where there is no powerful sources heat in the form of an electric stove, and the intensity of air movement is 2-3 times lower than in the kitchen.

If an electric hob or oven is installed in the kitchen, the air becomes so dry that in cold weather you have to place water containers on the windowsill or use a special factory-made humidifier.

A problem with condensation in the ventilation system is possible when using gas stoves or ovens. On average, per hour of operation of a powerful gas appliance, 1.5-2 m 3 of water vapor is formed, which precipitates in the form of condensation on the walls of the ventilation pipes.

To avoid such a problem, it is enough to wrap the pipes in fiber thermal insulation, which will also serve as sound insulation. In a situation where an abnormally large amount of condensate falls in the pipes, it will be necessary to install a liquid drain.

Most often, this situation occurs when ventilation is installed incorrectly in the kitchen adjacent to the bathroom, for example, if the common air duct pipes are laid on the wall with a slope towards the kitchen area. In this case, you have to redo the entire ventilation of the apartment or use forced ventilation in the kitchen.

Often the problem is with condensation falling around the ventilation grille in the kitchen, even when there are no air ducts in the room, and the air flow is through a valve on the opposite wall.

In this case, there is only one way to deal with condensation - by installing a low-speed electric fan with low air flow pressure on the grille. This will allow, firstly, to remove condensation from the adjacent surface of the walls, and secondly, it will not interfere with the operation of the ventilation duct, and at the same time irritate the noise emitted by the rotating blades.

Increasing the efficiency of a natural draft umbrella

In a relatively small kitchen, ventilation is often equipped according to a simplified scheme. Above the stove or hob install a horn or umbrella air intake with your own hands, and connect the outlet through a flexible pipe to the ventilation duct.

Most odors and polluted air are removed without much difficulty, but the efficiency of the system, especially in the summer, remains average at best.

To improve the performance of the design, you can use the following technique:

You can choose a supply valve model equipped with a carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide sensor. In this case, the system will start automatically when the stove is operated for more than 10 minutes. Due to the excess pressure in the kitchen created by the supply fan, almost all the hot air will be forced out into the horn air intake or accelerated throughout the apartment.

Organization of kitchen ventilation systems in a new apartment

Over the past twenty to thirty years, nothing fundamentally new has been invented in the construction of kitchen ventilation systems. Everything is the same as before, air contaminated with fumes and gas combustion products is displaced by a fresh air flow, then collected by air intakes and removed outside the kitchen.

A novelty can be considered the use of a new type of ventilation devices of the recovery-absorption type, capable of purifying and renewing the atmosphere of the kitchen with a minimal influx of fresh air. But such absorbers are used only in a limited number of cases and cannot replace full ventilation for the kitchen part of the apartment, especially if the room uses gas appliances - stoves or ovens.

In what cases is it necessary to install forced ventilation?

The answer sounds more than simple; the larger the size of the kitchen room and the number of appliances in it, the greater the chance that ventilation should only be forced-air ventilation.

Modern ventilation in the kitchen in an apartment more effectively copes with the tasks of air purification due to the rational organization of the process of collecting polluted air:

Zoning the ventilation system of the kitchen and the entire apartment as a whole;
Flexible adjustment of the performance of both the supply and exhaust parts of the ventilation system;
The use of modern cartridges that absorb water vapor, fatty fumes, blocking noise emitted by fans and air flows;
Reduced energy consumption, prevention of excess heat loss with removed air.

In modern apartments with a new layout with high ceilings and a kitchen area of 12-15 m2, the issue of saving heat and electricity has become especially acute. With the existing requirements and standards SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10, fans with a power of 700-1200 W would be required to ventilate a room of 45-50 m3. In addition to energy costs, a large kitchen in an apartment with conventional ventilation constantly loses heat, becomes cold and damp.

The optimal ventilation unit for a modern kitchen

The most preferable design for any kitchen in a modern apartment is a ventilation network with a central filter-ventilation unit.

The ventilation system can be connected to the general distribution of pipes and fans for the entire apartment or supplemented with an individual fan monoblock.

Such a block is equipped with a system of filters, valves and fans, at least three mounting flanges, to which several ventilation pipes are connected.

Forced ventilation layout

The main elements of the ventilation system of a full-size kitchen today remain horn and umbrella air intakes. First of all, an air inlet is installed above the hob, regardless of what type of equipment is used, electric or gas powered.

Gas stoves produce large amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; electric and even induction panels burn a lot of oxygen, so the air intake above the stove must be selected with two fans and a built-in dust and grease filter.

A smaller air intake horn is installed above the sink and oven. Based on the preferences of the owners, umbrella ventilation with the output of fresh cooled air can be discharged on the ceiling in the center or above the dining table.

In addition, individual elements of the ventilation system can be installed above the cutting area on the countertop. Most often, this is a filter-ventilation unit with a carbon or zeolite cartridge that actively absorbs odors and volatile substances.

In the sector where the dining table is located, in addition to the absorber, a ceiling or wall unit can be installed, connected by a separate air duct to the supply valve. As a result of the zoned supply of fresh air and the selection of polluted air, it is possible to achieve heat savings for air conditioning of the room by almost 30%.

Where to install the central unit

Unlike offices and private homes, in the kitchen ordinary apartment There's not a lot of room to mount a central unit. Most often, fan equipment is hidden in wall cabinets, for example, above the sink or above the cutting area of the countertop.

In this case, you have to sacrifice part of the useful space of the cabinets for mounting the fan system, control unit and air ducts. According to the most conservative estimates, the built-in ventilation system takes up 10-15% of the usable volume of cabinets, which is not always convenient.

If the ceiling height allows, then it will be more practical to install the block and pipes behind the suspended cladding. It is very convenient, but for installation you have to use a reinforced metal frame and a removable panel that provides periodic access to the ventilation equipment.

Conclusion

One of the kitchen ventilation schemes in an apartment, which may become the most popular option in the future, involves the use of thermal energy from heated air. A hot steam-air flow rising from the surface of a heated plate gives off most of energy to the built-in heat accumulator. The heat can be stored for 3 to 10 hours and can be used to produce hot water, heating the atmosphere of any living space in an apartment or house.

Ventilation of the kitchen in a living space is necessary. Without ventilation, the smell gets from the kitchen into other living rooms - the bedroom, children's room, living room. Also, without proper exhaust hood directly above the hob, fatty deposits may settle on all possible surfaces - walls, furniture, appliances, food.

Types of ventilation circuits

Before deciding which ventilation system would be best to install in the kitchen, it is recommended to understand the circuits and their structure. First of all, there are four types:

natural ventilation brings in fresh air and expels internal air using pressure levels in the kitchen;
supply ventilation supplies fresh air to the kitchen and removes old air;
exhaust ventilation is based on the principle of extracting air from the room, and the influx of new air is based on the moments of pressure release;
The supply and exhaust system provides for air circulation and exchange using special equipment.

Natural scheme

First, let's look at the features of natural ventilation in the kitchen. This system was used in the construction of old houses. In such a scheme, it is necessary to constantly check all drafts in the ventilation ducts.

It is possible to check such a system using two options:

1. Such ventilation is usually located under the ceiling. If you attach a sheet of paper to the grid, then in the operating state of the system, it will stick to the surface.

2. Otherwise, you can light a match or lighter. If the ventilation is working, it means that the flame will deflect towards the grille.

In the event of a malfunction, the entire ventilation shaft must be cleaned of dirt and dust. You should also pay attention to air duct cleaning. If, after cleaning the entire system, it remains not working, you should contact a specialist. However, such ventilation has a lot of disadvantages, because it is not so efficient in operation, and therefore, in addition to it, it is necessary to install additional ventilation equipment.

Exhaust circuit

Kitchen exhaust ventilation is one of the most popular systems for use in the kitchen. As a rule, it comes in two types:

general - provides for the installation of a fan with a grille that carries out air exchange;
The local system is based on the installation of equipment such as an extractor hood, which helps to draw in all odors, vapors and gases using the fan function.

The most common and modern system is installing a hood in the kitchen. As a rule, it has a dome shape and is directly connected to the ventilation system with an installed duct.

Supply ventilation scheme

This system is installed very rarely. Definitely, it is part of the supply and exhaust circuit, which allows air to circulate more efficiently in the kitchen. Such equipment is installed in the absence of a hood, but it is necessary to carefully check the performance of the traction system. Otherwise, such ventilation will not work, and polluted air, along with fresh air, will spread throughout all rooms of the apartment or house. Most often, the auxiliary element is a fan.

It is worth noting that manufacturers offer modern models that are equipped with special sensors for measuring temperature and humidity in the kitchen. Therefore, their work is completely automatic. Such equipment is not a cheap option and does not fully justify its performance.

Ventilation in the kitchen is divided into local and general.

Let's take a closer look at the exhaust ventilation system, since it is most popular for installation in the kitchen. First of all, let us pay attention to the advantages and disadvantages of such systems, and also describe the features of the equipment.

Local ventilation is exhaust ventilation over the most problematic areas in the kitchen. If we are talking about residential premises, then of course a steam convector and a barbecue are rarely found. This means that local exhaust in a living room is necessary only above the hob.

The easiest option is to use ventilation in the kitchen with a hood as an element household appliances, the required dimensions have already been selected in advance and the required air speeds have been adjusted. The downside of this system is the high noise level, regardless of whether it is an expensive or cheap model.

Another, more complex, but interesting option is to install your own, unique hood. This is necessary if a unique design is being developed. In this case, only a kitchen umbrella with inserts that catch grease is installed in the kitchen. The fan itself can be located in the utility room or attic. With this concept, your hood will be silent.

General exchange ventilation is supply and exhaust ventilation that exchanges air throughout the kitchen as a whole. General ventilation has a much lower capacity than local ventilation, since it must provide exhaust over the cutting area, washing dishes and directly above the food table. The inflow is calculated as compensation for the exhaust.

If your apartment has a small kitchen (5-7 square meters), then exhaust ventilation will be sufficient. You also need to remember that for the normal functioning of kitchen ventilation with a gas stove, there is a necessary supply of supply air. Otherwise, the fan will rotate, but will not move the air masses. Where to get this influx? For commercial kitchens, it is specially installed, or taken from the dining room. In our case, it gets naturally through micro-ventilation of windows. If this is not enough, you need to open the window slightly.

Kitchen hood

There are two types of hoods:

the first is provided as an air purifier, a kind of filter;
the second type is called a fume hood.

Regarding the first option, the installed filter draws in fresh air, while trapping all the soot, dust and grease inside, and clean air enters the building. Another type is more effective from the point of view of constructing a ventilation system for the kitchen. After all, all polluted air is removed from the building through the ventilation shaft. In many cases, it is not possible to install a hood above the stove for some reason. They may be improper kitchen design, not enough space, and so on. In this option, domestic kitchen ventilation in a private house will help you out.

Many people believe that most exhaust systems are very huge and inconvenient, but in addition to the standard models of the “plastic box that works noisily” type, there are also decorative fans. They only fulfill their direct duties - they draw air out of your kitchen, but they also decorate it appearance- the front panels of such fans can be made of stainless steel or entirely of colored plastic or white with bright inserts.

How to choose a hood or fan for the kitchen?

Let's assume that you have decided on your appearance. What's next? After all, as a rule, manufacturers offer fans or hoods of the same type with a whole list with unusual markings. Let's try to figure out what you actually need.

The first thing you need to do is understand what size (diameter) fan you need. To do this, go to the kitchen and measure the size of the ventilation shaft. Typically it will be slightly larger than 10 12.5 or 15 centimeters. We round the numbers down and get the required diameter of your fan.

The next thing to do is calculate the fan performance. To do this, we carry out simple mathematical operations: first we multiply the width of the kitchen by the length and height. After that, you should subtract the volume occupied by the furniture. We first multiply the resulting volume by 6 - this is the lower limit of the fan’s performance. Separately, we multiply the volume by 12 - this is the upper limit of equipment performance. These boundaries are necessary in order to choose your actual kitchen fan model. Keep in mind - if your kitchen is combined with a room, then you need to take both rooms into account. It is also worth remembering that the more powerful the device, the louder it will work.

We calculated that for an average 6-meter kitchen, a fan with a capacity of 120-180 cubic meters per hour is most likely suitable, and for a 10-meter kitchen - 220-300 cubic meters per hour. What to do when the size of the ventilation shaft is smaller than the size of the fan and has the required power? Pay attention to fans with the prefix “turbo” in the name. They are typically 30% more powerful than their counterparts of the same diameter.

What you should pay attention to when choosing ventilation equipment for the kitchen

In addition to size and performance, there are several more nuances when choosing a fan. If the owners are worried that uninvited guests may enter the house through the ventilation shaft, buy a fan equipped with an anti-insect mesh. From a cleaning point of view, devices in which the front panel can be removed will be convenient. If you don’t want the smell from your neighbor’s kitchen to enter yours through the ventilation system, then you need to select equipment with a check valve to prevent the opposite draft.

Ease of use is also not the last factor when choosing equipment. So, for example, the ventilation in the kitchen is mounted into the wall with your own hands, and can be equipped with a cord switch - then you can turn it on and off using a cord. Another useful thing is the presence of a timer in the fan - a built-in adjustable shutdown delay timer allows the fan to run for 2 - 30 minutes after it is stopped by the switch.

Mounting the fan

Before you ventilate the kitchen, check how clogged the air ducts in the building are. If there is a malfunction, contact the Housing Office or another authority so that your shaft can be cleaned.

Instructions:

1. First, you need to establish the place where you will place the fan, first making a hole in the wall of the required diameter for the pipe.

2. After the equipment is installed, the free space between it and the wall must be foamed.

3. Install a grill on the outside.

4. After all steps have been completed, the equipment can be plugged in.

If your ventilation shaft is not working, you can install more powerful equipment, for example, centrifugal - its power is enough to throw air through the cracks in the ventilation system. But by purchasing an extremely powerful fan, you can seriously cause problems for those who live on the floors above you. The enormous amount of air supplied to the central air duct will turn their exhaust grilles into supply air grilles, and therefore odors from your kitchen will pour into neighboring apartments along with dust and dirt accumulated in the ventilation shaft.

Having a hood is not the only option

Unlike other rooms, in the kitchen it is worth installing not only a hood, but also equipment for air flow. In such cases, install fans directly into the window. A more modern option is window or wall ventilators.

After all, there is such a thing as a balanced supply and exhaust of air from the kitchen. This means that if you exhaust air through a hood or fan, it has to come from somewhere. When designing buildings, such importance as a natural air exchange pattern was used. And with the latest appliances and energy-saving installations (sealed windows and doors), this craving begins to disappear - hence the fungus on the windows and walls, increased levels of humidity in the building and many other unpleasant surprises for the residents of the house. In any case, you will be able to open the window, but this is not an option. In addition to the smells of your own kitchen, you will also get dust and a lot of dirt from the street and a draft.

A ventilator is a small covering on a window (although there are also wall ones) that allows a limited amount of air into the room. Usually consists of two parts:

one external one - insect protection grille and filter;
the second is internal, equipped with an air control valve.

Can be with manual or automatic control. It is mounted by installing it into a plastic or wooden window to ensure air flow. A wall ventilator, as the name suggests, is mounted into the wall. This device is also equipped with a grille and a regulator, although there is a wall ventilator on solar battery, in which a small fan is built in. It is these small devices that will help balance the microclimate in your kitchen.

Of course, the price of such devices will be much higher, but this will allow maintaining a certain microclimate in the room. If the ventilation system is installed correctly, it will serve for many years and at the same time work efficiently. Wise selection and professional installation of a specific ventilation system will safely and regularly remove contaminated air from the premises.

It's no secret that ventilation in the kitchen is important for any home. To effectively remove exhaust gases and provide fresh air in addition to existing communications, residents add a hood. Let us immediately note that an incorrectly installed device will not create the expected effect; rather, it will worsen the performance of existing natural ventilation. In our article we will find out in the kitchen, and also get acquainted with the varieties of such systems.

Why do you need ventilation in the kitchen?

When cooking food, various harmful substances accumulate in the kitchen. Some of them may be hazardous to human health. One of these is carbon monoxide, which accumulates in the air after the combustion of “blue fuel” or when cooking food in a wood-burning stove. Its odor is not noticeable, and the substance itself cannot be properly selected by carbon filters. High concentrations of carbon monoxide lead to poisoning, and then to fatal outcome. This is why it is important to develop an effective kitchen air exchange system and remove this hazardous product.

When the burner is turned on gas stove, and also during operation of the water heating column, a certain amount of natural gas that has not had time to burn gets into the interior space of the room. Properly functioning natural ventilation installed in the kitchen can easily cope with such emissions, but its power will not be enough if fuel leaks from the pipelines. If you detect a persistent odor of ethyl mercoptane, you must call emergency services.

There are other substances that pollute the air in the kitchen:

Fumes from frying foods are released in the form of processed fat particles and sunflower oil As a result of strong heating, such substances become dangerous for the inhabitants of the house; they settle on the walls of the room, dishes and furniture, as well as on our lungs. To effectively remove such particles, it is necessary to select correct size ventilation in the kitchen.
In addition to the fumes, water vapor is released in the room. It is relatively harmless, but can affect the indoor climate.

From the above, the only correct conclusion can be drawn about the need to use a high-quality ventilation system. It will remove kitchen odors and excess moisture.

Kitchen ventilation systems: natural or forced

Not everyone knows which ventilation scheme for the kitchen is better: standard natural, when exhaust gases exit through a duct to the street, or forced (a fan is used to remove contaminated oxygen). There is no definite answer to this question, because each of the hoods performs its own functions and has its own advantages and disadvantages.

In the kitchen, regardless of its location (in an apartment or a private house), the presence of a natural ventilation system is mandatory. Particular importance should be paid to the performance of the equipment, and especially if there is a gas stove in the room. In this case, harmful emissions will be discharged through a vertical natural ventilation channel. The exhaust rules do not consider forced ventilation to be a mandatory engineering service; it only ensures the comfort of residents. Next, we will describe each type of air exchange in more detail, consider their strengths and weaknesses.

Natural ventilation in the kitchen

Exhaust ventilation in the kitchen is familiar to all residents from vertical shafts that have an exit on the roof of a residential building. Harmful substances and fumes are removed through such passages, and fresh air enters the premises through cracks in the windows or special valves on the frames. Warm air heated by the kitchen stove tends to rise, it accumulates on the ceiling and goes through the ventilation hole outside the house. In its place, fresh oxygen comes from the street.

Proper, high-quality ventilation for the kitchen in an apartment removes a small amount of waste gas, but does this in a constant mode. A ventilation duct cleared of debris is capable of removing carbon monoxide and minor fuel leaks from kitchen equipment. To effectively remove foreign odors, a hood must be mounted above the stove.

Supply ventilation has the following advantages:

high-quality air exchange in the apartment;
removal of harmful substances that are released during cooking;
removal of odors and high air humidity when several burners are turned on;
lack of financial investments for the operation of the system;
noiselessness.

Ventilation in the kitchen with a hood has the following disadvantages:

decreased performance in hot weather;
the possibility of air return from the street into the kitchen;
relatively small volume of processed air per unit of time;
you need to constantly check the draft in the ventilation duct.

Not all owners of country property know how to properly install a natural ventilation system in a private home. In this case, the channels will be made in the walls of utility rooms, such as the bathroom, toilet and kitchen. For high-quality ventilation of the entire house, and not just these rooms, it is necessary to additionally let in air flow from the bedroom, living room or dining room. In some cases, you need to keep the windows open.

If a four-burner gas stove is installed in the kitchen, then the hourly volume of processed air should be within 90 m3. For efficient operation of the ventilation system, it is necessary to install a channel with a cross-section of 0.02 m2. This parameter corresponds to a pipe diameter of 16 centimeters or a shaft made of brick in the shape of a square with a side size of 14 centimeters. The entrance to the channel is located on the ceiling or at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from it. To ensure stable draft, a ventilation duct of at least 5 meters in length is needed.

Forced exhaust system

The term forced ventilation refers to an engineering system in which contaminated air flows are removed outside using a fan. In the kitchen, such devices are installed using different methods:

In the vertical ventilation shaft.
In a hole made in the wall of a building. In this case, the polluted air will be discharged from the kitchen outside, bypassing the ventilation shafts.
Corrugated pipe from kitchen hood can be inserted into the window.
Some consumers install a special device, a hood, above the gas stove. Polluted air can escape from the kitchen into natural ventilation shafts or directly into the street through a hole in the wall.

The advantages of connecting an exhaust fan or kitchen hood are:

Improved performance. Effective ventilation in the kitchen allows you to quickly remove odors and harmful substances accumulated in the air.
A kitchen hood above the stove removes harmful substances before they enter the room.

The disadvantages of the hood device are:

Dirty air is removed from the room only when the fan is running.
Such a system requires financial investment. In addition to the cost of the hood itself, you will have to constantly pay for the electricity consumed.

When installing a fan in a shaft, there are several things to consider: important points. The fact is that such a device has a check valve that prevents the suction of dirty air when the hood is not working. This valve must be removed so that it does not interfere with the operation of the natural air exhaust system. It should be noted that the performance of the device will coincide with the passport data only if a horizontal outlet channel of short length is installed. A modern hood connected to a common house shaft will have lower productivity compared to the declared technical characteristics.

What ventilation would be the best option?

For people who are building large buildings country house or are making renovations in a luxury apartment, we can recommend an expensive, high-quality and efficient ventilation system with heat recovery. Owners of expensive real estate install a powerful hood, and the outlet for the exhaust air should be made in the wall. Instead of a gas stove, it is better to use an electric household appliance due to lower emissions of carcinogens.

For developers who have limited financial resources the best option There will be the use of natural ventilation, which is supplied to the kitchen, bath and toilet, as well as auxiliary rooms. If a private house will use a hood installed above a kitchen stove, then a channel for removing waste air masses is made not in a vertical direction to the roof, but in the wall. A check valve is installed on the fan; it prevents cold air from entering the room from outside.

The best option for apartment owners is the natural ventilation already existing in the house. In addition, a hood is installed above the stove in the kitchen with air exhaust through a hole in the wall. If this option does not work, the fan is mounted in the riser of the existing duct, but the check valve is removed.

Effective ventilation in the kitchen is one of the the most important conditions comfort. Odors, heat, and moisture released during cooking can easily penetrate rooms if ventilation is not working.

Types of ventilation

There are two main types of ventilation in an apartment in the kitchen:

Natural. The simplest and most effective way to create good air exchange in the kitchen is natural ventilation. For it to work, two basic conditions must be met:

In order for dirty air to easily escape into the mine, you need a supply of fresh, clean air. This condition was no longer fulfilled properly when the widespread replacement of wooden windows with plastic, sealed, energy-saving ones began. Such windows are effective in retaining heat, but significantly reduce the effectiveness of natural ventilation.
The ventilation system of a house is developed and calculated during the construction stage of the house and takes into account the area of the premises and other factors. Intervention or change in areas of the ventilation system can significantly reduce the exhaust force or change the direction of air flow. Because of this, not clean air from the windows will enter the kitchen, but polluted air from neighboring apartments or from the toilet.

To improve the outflow of polluted air, special hoods are often installed in kitchens, which are designed to capture dirty air above the stove. The most common mistake when installing ventilation in a kitchen with a hood is that they try to replace natural ventilation with a hood. There is practically no supply of clean air. A powerful hood removes polluted air quite quickly and creates rarefied air in the apartment. If there is no supply air from the street through the windows, then the missing volume is drawn out of the toilet, where the second ventilation hole is located.

Proper organization of ventilation using a hood

Most ventilation ducts in houses built last century are not designed for the use of modern hoods. Air ducts usually have a cross-section of 13x13 cm and pass air with a maximum volume of 180 cubic meters per hour. The power of the hoods is several times higher than this value. When operating such a hood, the functioning of the ventilation of your own apartment and the entire house is disrupted.

Exhaust ventilation in the kitchen can work effectively if you combine the operation of a forced system (hood) and a natural one. To do this, the air duct from the hood must be connected to the ventilation system above the grille.

When the hood is turned off, ventilation occurs naturally; air flows out through the grille. Air flow should be ensured through slightly open windows.

When organizing ventilation in a kitchen with a hood, you need to consider a number of points:

When installing a hood, you need to choose the correct distance from the surface of the stove to the hood. This distance is indicated in the documents for the hood. A shorter distance provides better traction, but may cause damage to plastic parts from hot air.

To remove air from the hood above the stove to the ventilation channel, special boxes and pipes made of aluminum and plastic are used. Smooth air ducts have less resistance to passing air than corrugated ones. The fewer bends and turns the box has, the better the traction.

When installing ventilation in the kitchen with your own hands, you can place the air duct in two ways:

Fits on top cabinets.

Hides with the help of finishing elements: behind plasterboard linings, behind suspended ceiling. In this case, before sewing the pipe, you need to carefully check the functionality of the hood. Once the wall or ceiling is covered, it will be much more difficult to fix the problems. Kinks in the pipe or duct reduce the cross-sectional area and reduce the performance of the hood.

Features of ventilation of a private house

Kitchen ventilation in a private house is based on the same principles as in an apartment. The most common mistakes when installing ventilation in the kitchen at home are:

Incorrect location of the ventilation grille. The grate should be located at a distance of up to 10 cm from the ceiling.
One shaft for all rooms of the house. According to sanitary and hygienic standards, a separate shaft must be provided for the kitchen, this will prevent dirty air from entering the room through the shaft from the kitchen.
Low height of ventilation pipes, which does not create the required pressure difference.
Lack of natural ventilation. When there is a power outage that powers the system forced ventilation, dirty air is not exhausted.

Ventilation in the kitchen, arranged in accordance with all norms and rules, will ensure the absence of odors and fresh air.

As a rule, this issue can be resolved by cleaning the ventilation shaft or sorting out errors when installing such a system, but if you still cannot find the right solution, pay attention to forced hoods.

High-quality ventilation will help remove carbon dioxide and other fumes from the apartment or house.

In modern rooms equipped with plastic windows, it will be difficult to ensure sufficient air flow. Let's figure out how to make forced exhaust, and through what mechanisms such designs allow you to clean the air in the room.

Pros and cons of forced exhaust

Forced exhaust system involves installing one or more fans in the room instead of standard grilles. During operation, they contribute to the flow of clean air from the air duct and remove it from the room. unpleasant odors, harmful substances, moisture and dust.

The mechanical system allows you to purify the air in the room with greater efficiency. Many fans of this type can be adjusted by independently changing the power and rotation speed.

The advantages of installing forced exhaust include:

possibility of faster air purification in the room;
long service life and high-quality functioning regardless of weather conditions or the condition of ventilation pipes;
opportunity independent regulation of air outflow and inflow.

Since fans of this type work automatically, when the power in the house is turned off, you will not be able to ensure proper ventilation of the room. In addition, forced-type fans can be quite expensive, taking into account the need to set up equipment and connect to the network.

Periodically, parts of such a system, as well as filters, will have to be replaced with new ones, and it is not always possible to notice problems in time.

There are several variations of forced ventilation of houses and apartments, so before deciding on a purchase, study in detail the features of their operation.

Don't forget that forced exhaust in an apartment will work properly only if the basic installation rules are followed: it is better to entrust this matter to specialists if you do not fully understand the features of these processes.

Features of forced ventilation systems

Today, it is possible to ensure the flow of purified air into rooms through several mechanisms. Ventilation in the house can be supply and exhaust(these are single installations that do not require additional equipment), typesetting supply, exhaust, and also be carried out due to the operation of a ducted air conditioner.

If the room has metal-plastic windows that block the access of fresh air, ventilation must be ensured by installing special valves in window profile.

According to the recommendations of experts, It is supply and exhaust systems that can provide the best ventilation of home spaces. This design is a system consisting of a fan (a noise-insulated housing reduces the volume of its operation), an automation module, as well as special filters and sensors that affect the quality of operation.

When such a system is turned off, cold air does not enter the room, since a special damper in the housing prevents its further spread.

Thanks to the operation of supply and exhaust systems, it is possible to provide comprehensive air purification in the room. Some types of such structures allow you to warm up the air if necessary.

Attention! The cost of fans of this type will directly depend on their performance. For small rooms Fans of 150 cubic meters per hour are suitable. The maximum power of forced hoods of this type is about 750 cubic meters per hour

A standard forced air hood includes one fan, so it is ineffective in rooms with large parameters. However, in small rooms it can easily cope with the processes of air purification and removal of harmful substances.

The stacked supply ventilation includes similar elements, but they are not mounted in a common housing. As a rule, the fan, filters and other components of such systems are placed separately.

The average capacity of such a ventilation system can vary significantly, from 80 to 7 thousand cubic meters per hour.

Another method of ventilation is duct type air conditioners– do not have high performance indicators. On average, they will help purify about 20% of the air in the room. Additional filters, as well as heating blocks, will help solve some of the difficulties associated with their operation.

You can increase the efficiency of forced ventilation systems by constructing an attractive structure directly in the window area. Supply valves are mounted in the window profile, and fans and humidity sensors are installed in the shafts. As humidity levels increase, the built-in fans will automatically turn on and the air in the room will be purified. Through valves installed in the windows, fresh air will enter your home.

Important! The only negative property of such systems is the lack of ability to regulate the temperature of the air coming from the street during the hot and cold seasons.

There are no clear criteria determining which type of forced exhaust hood is best placed in a house or apartment.

But if you want to get an effective result, follow these recommendations:

for 1- and 2-room premises, hoods with a capacity of 200-300 cubic meters per hour are sufficient;
in apartments with a large number of rooms, the productivity of such a hood should be about 350-500 cubic meters per hour;
static pressure indicators for apartments with 2-3 rooms should exceed 400 Pa.

It is worth noting that Features of installation and operation of such hoods may differ depending on their purpose.

Let's talk about how to connect a forced ventilation system in rooms where this approach is considered the most common - in the bathroom and kitchen.

Connection in the apartment

When installing a forced hood in the kitchen think about how to supply power into such a system. There are two effective ways: in the first case, the connection is made directly to the power box, in the second – the system is powered via an outlet.

If you chose the first option, plan the main work in advance. Only after the necessary communications have been carried out can you begin to secure the system and select exhaust mechanisms.

Important! Consider how the processed air will exit the room. The design can discharge air into a ventilation shaft or directly to the street through an open space.

Installing the equipment will not cause you any particular difficulties: fans of this type are quite compact, like all the accompanying elements, and if necessary, you can learn more about the features of their fastening from consultants. As a rule, the fan grille is fixed to the wall with screws.

Advice: If there is a gas water heater in the kitchen, the need for powerful ventilation of the room increases. To solve this problem, you can purchase a ready-made column with forced exhaust: high-quality and safe equipment of this type is produced by Bosch and others.

To install a forced exhaust hood in the bathroom, you need to install a grille with a fan in the exhaust vent. It is already in the room, so there is no need to make additional holes in the wall. A power supply must be provided to the fan installation area. Most fans have standard sizes, but in any case, make sure that the area of the hole in the wall does not have to be adjusted to the parameters of such a design.

Since ventilation equipment designed for the bathroom must work effectively even in high humidity conditions, carefully select the appropriate model. Fans with the special IPx4 marking are suitable for you. Experts recommend choosing equipment with check valves so that polluted air or unpleasant odors from the kitchen and other areas do not enter the bathroom.

Regulation of draft in the chimney

Forced exhaust can also be used to regulate draft in the chimney. More often This problem occurs in private homes: The traction power is affected by the cross-sectional size of the pipe.

The smaller the diameter of the pipe, the less draft is provided in such a channel, and when the critical minimum cross-section of the chimney is reached, accumulation of combustion products is possible both inside the structure and in the room itself.

If the cross-section of the pipe increases, cold air may enter the room through the chimney, which will prevent the free exit of combustion products to the outside. This suggests that independent traction control may not always be effective. There are other reasons that influence the increase or decrease in draft in such rooms, and forced draft for the chimney can help.

The design intended for the chimney is practically no different from the exhaust fans described above. Smoke fan too works on the basis of electricity and automatically removes smoke from the duct, increasing the traction in the room.

Attention! For full operation of such equipment, it is necessary to connect a separate power supply line with a voltage of 220 V.

You have seen that in many cases, connecting a forced exhaust can be almost the only way out of the problem of air purification in an isolated room. Such designs can be used in both private and apartment buildings.

Since the purchase and professional installation of forced exhaust systems can be expensive, you can study their features yourself: we suggest watching a video that will inform you about some aspects of such work.