Most people associate summer with juicy, sweet watermelons. But the striped berry is valued not only for its excellent taste, but also for its medicinal properties. What vitamins are in watermelon and what benefits they bring to the body - this question interests many lovers of melons.
Before we find out what vitamins are contained in watermelons, let’s remember some interesting facts about this amazing fruit.
Melon culture refers to berries with dense green skin and pulp, the color of which varies from light pink to scarlet and yellow. The size of watermelons, depending on the variety, reaches 10 kg or even more.
Africa is considered the birthplace of the melon culture; it was there that watermelons were first grown. But they were radically different from the usual ones - they were no larger than an apple, and also had a bitter taste.
In the middle of the last century, a new variety of watermelons with increased sugar levels and no seeds was developed. The novelty instantly gained wide popularity among chefs all over the world.
Watermelons have long been used in cooking - they are eaten fresh, added to fruit salads, marinate and make honey. The absence of heat treatment allows you to preserve all the vitamins and nutrients that are in the berry.
Fruit composition
The composition of watermelon is almost 95% water, so the berry is often used for weight loss. After a fasting day, during which you are allowed to consume only watermelon pulp, your metabolism accelerates and the body is cleansed of waste and toxins.
Proportions of nutrients per 100 g of product:
- water – 95%;
- carbohydrates – 5.8%;
- fats – 0.1%;
- proteins – 0.6%.
The juicy berry contains not only water, but also 14% glucose, fructose and sucrose, as well as vitamins, micro- and macroelements. Lycopene is especially important - it is a component with antioxidant properties, which is considered one of the means for the prevention of cancer.
Vitamins, micro- and macroelements are contained not only in the pulp, but also in watermelon seeds. These are vitamins B, D, carotenoids, selenium, zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, it is also recommended to include them in the diet in dried or fried form.
Note! The most useful are natural watermelons grown in conditions open ground, on towers that are located far from noisy highways, without the use of chemicals to accelerate growth and ripening.
Macro- and microelements
Macro- and microelements contained in watermelon are completely absorbed by the body, helping to improve overall well-being and increase the level of immunity.
- Calcium – improves blood clotting, is necessary for strengthening teeth, nails and bones.
- Potassium – improves functioning cardiovascular system, as well as the absorption of carbohydrates.
- Sodium – improves condition nervous systems s and blood vessels.
- Iron is responsible for the level of hemoglobin in the blood, neutralizes its deficiency and helps prevent anemia.
- Phosphorus - improves vision, makes bones and teeth stronger.
Also, watermelon pulp contains a huge amount of magnesium, which effectively restores cells of the cardiovascular and nervous system and improves the condition of the kidneys.
Vitamins
Among them are:
- vitamin A – ensures healthy skin, improves visual acuity, has an antioxidant effect, protecting the human body from cancer;
- vitamin B1 – guarantees active metabolism, accelerating the elimination of toxins and decay products;
- vitamin B2 – normalizes the functioning of the endocrine system;
- vitamin B3 – improves blood circulation, has a beneficial effect on the brain and memory, and prevents atherosclerosis;
- vitamins B6 and B9c – normalize blood microcirculation, accelerate the production of red blood cells, increase the speed of metabolic processes;
- vitamin C and PP – strengthens the walls of blood vessels, prevents the formation of blood clots, improves immunity;
- Vitamin E - known for its antioxidant properties, strengthening the body, rejuvenating skin, nails and hair.
Pickling and other types of heat treatment reduce the amount of vitamins, so it is recommended to eat the berry pulp fresh.
Glycemic index
The glycemic index is an indicator that indicates how long it takes for a product to be digested and how quickly glucose is released. For watermelons, this mark is 65-70 units, which is considered a fairly high indicator. That is why people suffering should use it with great caution.
Calorie content
Men and women who want to get rid of a few extra pounds will be interested in knowing not only what vitamins watermelons contain, but also what vitamins they contain.
Berry pulp is a low-calorie product. 100 g of watermelon contains 24-25 kcal, depending on the variety. This makes it easy to use melons in the diet of a losing weight person. After all, even if he eats 10 kg of watermelon pulp, it will be only 240-250 Cal, which will not harm the figure.
Use for weight loss
The melon product contains carbohydrates, which provide a feeling of fullness after consumption. But regardless of the amount of watermelon eaten, it does not lead to extra pounds, since more than 95% is water. That is why watermelon fasting days are very popular.
Watermelon pulp contains large number potassium, which normalizes the balance of water and salt in the body, improves metabolism, and has a diuretic effect. This leads to accelerated fat burning.
In order for watermelon to bring maximum benefits to the body, it must be consumed correctly. Do not drink the product with kefir and other fermented milk drinks, alcohol, cold water– this causes stool upset. It is also not recommended to eat watermelon on an empty stomach, as this often causes painful cramps in the stomach.
Watermelon fasting day
Juicy watermelon is not just tasty, but also extremely healthy berry. When used correctly, it brings enormous benefits to the body of adults and children - it increases immunity, cleanses the body of waste and toxins, improves the functioning of the digestive, endocrine and nervous systems.
Watermelon is rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C, niacin, thiamine and riboflavin. These elements increase our lifespan and protect against age-related changes, some of them have anti-carcinogenic effects.
However, more than one watermelon has similar beneficial properties, and in terms of the number of vitamins, it is far from the first. Much more important is that the benefits of watermelon are in the content, in the exact sense of the word, of precious folic acid.
It is essential for the formation of DNA, taking part in cell division and coordinating the absorption and transformation of proteins.
Watermelon: Folate and Magnesium
These processes in the body are not visible to us; As for the visible results of folic acid: it guarantees good skin color and promotes proper metabolism.
And another useful element of watermelon is magnesium.
In 100 gr. the fetus contains approximately 60% of it daily dose. First of all, it is useful in that it provides the correct absorption of other necessary elements found in the body.
Magnesium promotes proper functioning of muscles and nerves. Signs of magnesium deficiency include limb cramps, tingling, unexplained weakness and fatigue.
A lack of magnesium can affect the cardiovascular system: disruptions in nerve conduction, together with low vascular tone, threaten arrhythmia and a significant risk of heart attack.
That's why people with blood pressure disorders should focus most on the amount of magnesium in their diet. Magnesium is also necessary for the kidneys - it prevents the formation of stones and prevents the accumulation of salts.
Magnesium is an excellent antidepressant. Bad mood, restless sleep and poor concentration will be corrected by this substance. Perhaps, ultimately, it is the watermelon diet that will return the much-needed strength, strength and vigor.
Watermelon - for slimness
This product will help people who want to lose extra pounds. They have a low calorie content - 30 kcal per 100 grams. Thanks to their watery content, it nourishes the body quickly and for a long time, and helps remove unnecessary fluid from the body.
The “watermelon diet” has become widespread, when only the pulp of the fruit is consumed for a certain time, which gives the expected good result - weight noticeably decreases.
Let's summarize the benefits of watermelon for the body:
- Watermelon juice is rich in microelements;
- relatively low calorie content;
- high levels of folic acid;
- ridding the body of toxins and poisons;
- a good facial care product with excellent moisturizing properties;
Now you know the benefits of watermelon, eat for health and with pleasure!
Harm of watermelon
Of course, almost everyone loves these fruits, however, it must be admitted that this fruit is quite capricious and poses some danger. And we must admit that watermelon is not useful for everyone, moreover, it is forbidden for some.
Watermelons should not be consumed:
- Children - there is a certain risk of poisoning or colic;
- with diseases of the heart and blood vessels due to the possible presence of nitrates in the pulp of watermelon;
- People suffering from diseases of the kidneys and urinary system, due to the great diuretic ability of the fetus, the diuretic effect of which will cause significant harm to these people;
- For diarrhea and minor intoxications (watermelon can significantly complicate the condition);
- With stones in the liver and kidneys, since watermelon can lead to their dangerous movement;
The fruit is dangerous, first of all, because it contains a huge number of nitrates. When growing, as a rule, the seeds are generously irrigated for rapid growth and juiciness. These fruits look more representative. These chemical fertilizers contain an impressive amount of nitrates, and watermelon tends to accumulate nitrates throughout its growth and ripening.
Nitrates can cause severe intoxication, which manifests itself after an hour or two, and sometimes even after a day or two. Often, of course, poisoning ends quickly, but there is information even about deaths.
And yet, this does not mean that you cannot eat them, simply buy these fruits at reliable retail outlets. Avoid purchasing them on the road and from dubious sellers. There is a lot of advice on the Internet about the right choice watermelon, listen to them and do not deny yourself the pleasure!
Vitamins in watermelon
| Vitamins | Content |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 0.017 mg |
| Vitamin B1 | 0.04 mg |
| Vitamin B2 | 0.06 mg |
| Vitamin B3 | 0.3 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 0.09 mg |
| Vitamin B9 | 0.008 mg |
| Vitamin C | 7 mg |
| Vitamin E | 0.1 mg |
| Minerals | Content |
| Potassium | 110 mg |
| Sodium | 16 mg |
| Calcium | 14 mg |
| Magnesium | 12 mg |
| Phosphorus | 7 mg |
Is watermelon a berry?
Watermelon is a plant product popular and loved all over the world. Disputes still do not subside and there is no definition about this fruit, where to classify it: fruits, vegetables or berries. Previously, it was classified as a fruit, but a little time ago, a common belief arose that the fruit is still a berry. However, this is correct to some extent.
Due to the fact that in structure and composition it is really similar to berries, but by and large it is classified as a member of the pumpkin family, and specimens of this family are in no way related to berries.
Watermelon is a seasonal product; you cannot buy it in winter; it arrives in markets and stores in the middle of the summer season. You can buy it earlier, delivered from distant countries, but in all likelihood, it is already overripe or with a large amount of nitrates, so it is better not to buy it ahead of schedule, it is unlikely that this fruit will contain the necessary benefits.
The color of the fruit is not uniform, often it is stripes, but it is also available with a different pattern. Stripes of a pair of colors: yellowish or greenish-yellow, and the second - from light green to juicy dark green. Its pulp is juicy, in most cases red, but sometimes the pulp is pink or crimson. There are yellow or black seeds inside the product; they are not poisonous, but are not eaten as they can cause bloating.
You will rarely meet a person who does not like watermelons. People are partial to him for his ability to quench thirst well. This is timely for the scorching summer heat, when there is a great desire to eat something sweet and tasty, but not a heavy product.
Fragrant watermelon is a classic summer delicacy. The crunch of a ripe berry being cut opens your appetite and lifts your spirits. The huge fruits, green on the outside and bright red on the inside, are loved for their fresh, incomparable aroma and juiciness. Watermelons are not only tasty, but also healthy: the composition makes the product an indispensable aid for many diseases and weight loss.
From the article you will learn what vitamins and nutrients are contained in watermelon pulp, whether watermelon contains iron, zinc, manganese and other trace elements, and how the berry affects men's and women's health.
Pleasant taste and juicy pulp of striped berries explained by its rich chemical composition:
- The basis of watermelon is water (85–90%), it contains a lot of fructose, glucose and sucrose (from 5 to 13%), there is pectin and fiber (0.5%).
- It contains more than 13 vitamins necessary for the human body.
- Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega-3 and Omega-6, which have high biological activity, supply the body with energy, provide mechanical protection and thermal insulation, remove cholesterol, and prevent cardiovascular diseases.
- Macroelements (potassium, calcium, silicon, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine) and microelements (aluminum, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, iodine) even in small quantities ensure the harmonious functioning of the whole organism.
- Flavonoids - plant polyphenols - have antioxidant properties and neutralize free radicals.
And also in fresh watermelon many essential and non-essential amino acids, important for protein synthesis:
- valine - responsible for nitrogen metabolism in cells;
- isoleucine - regulates blood sugar levels, participates in the synthesis of hemoglobin and protein in the liver, the production of growth hormone, regenerates tissue;
- phenylalanine - promotes blood circulation, participates in the formation of insulin;
- threonine - regulates the metabolism of proteins and fats, prevents fatty liver, strengthens the immune system;
- citrulline - eliminates ammonia and nitrogenous waste from the blood.
Vitamins and minerals
The vitamins contained in all parts of the watermelon are of particular value: the human body is not able to synthesize them on its own.
Vitamins in pulp:
| Name | Content per 100 g, mg | Effect on the human body |
| Ascorbic acid (C) |
A lack of vitamin C leads to muscle pain, scurvy, bleeding gums, tooth loss, and heart disease. |
|
| Riboflavin (B2) |
Deficiency leads to diseases of the visual organs: photophobia, conjunctivitis, cataracts, atrophy optic nerve, nervous system dysfunction and anemia. |
|
| Thiamine (B1) |
Deficiency leads to disruption of thermoregulation and functioning of the nervous system, shortness of breath, and depression. |
|
| Folic acid (B9) |
The deficiency disrupts the activity of the stomach, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, causes inflammation of the mucous membrane, a feeling of fear, and mood disorders. |
|
| Pyridoxine (B6) |
Indicated after operations or in case of a sluggish course of an infectious disease. |
|
| Vitamin A |
Deficiency leads to gastrointestinal diseases, premature aging, and eye diseases. |
|
| Vitamin B3 (PP) |
Indicated for gastritis, liver and kidney diseases, skin diseases. Deficiency leads to depression, insomnia, irritability, headaches, gastrointestinal dysfunction (diarrhea, heartburn, nausea), and decreased mental activity. |
|
| Tocopherol (E) | Has antioxidant properties: removes cholesterol and free radicals. |
Many people don’t think about what vitamins are contained in watermelon rind and throw it away. In addition to those listed above, it contains beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A). It is responsible for the health of the sex glands and has antioxidant and immunostimulating properties. With a lack of carotene, work is disrupted genitourinary system, brain, pain sensitivity increases.
Many micro- and macroelements contained in watermelon are even more valuable e, because they are rare, and without them the body begins to malfunction:
| Name | Content per 100 g, mg | Functions |
| Potassium | 112 |
|
| Sodium | 1 |
|
| Calcium | 7 |
|
| Magnesium | 10 |
|
| Phosphorus | 11 | Participates in the production of hormones, metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and cell division. |
| Iron | 0,2 |
|
| Zinc | 0,1 |
|
Due to its composition, watermelon is often used for preventive and rehabilitation purposes. people suffering from diseases of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, and vitamin deficiency.
Calorie content
low, despite its high sugar content. This is explained by the fact that the pulp consists of 90% water, which has no calories. Therefore, 100 g of fresh delicacy contains only 27 kcal.
Interesting! There are more than 1,200 varieties of watermelon in the world, which are grown in different climatic conditions, which means they contain unequal amounts of fructose and sucrose. On average, 100 g of sugar berry contains up to 35 kcal.
During heat treatment, the calorie content of the product increases due to added sugar or honey. So, 100 g is 30 kcal, juice - more than 35 kcal.
Can it be used for weight loss?
Watermelon is added because of its low calorie content:
- it is used as the basis of a mono-diet - in this case, the daily norm of the delicacy should not exceed 2.5 kg (2000–2500 kcal);
- the pulp is combined with other low-calorie products ( rye bread, chicken breast, zucchini and others).
Important! In pursuit of perfect figure, exhausting themselves with “quick” diets, many forget that when losing weight, beneficial substances are “washed out” of the body. Watermelon saturates with vitamins and microelements.
Fiber in the fruit improves gastric motility, promotes the removal of toxins and fluids. These features allow a person who is losing weight to “lose” several kilograms of excess weight.
Glycemic index
The glycemic index (GI) of any product indicates the speed of its digestion and release of glucose.
Watermelon GI is 60–70 units- this is a relatively high figure.
Reference. The higher the GI, the faster foods are broken down, sugar enters the blood, and the pancreas begins to produce insulin. This hormone suppresses glucose, and the person experiences hunger again. High GI foods are not suitable for weight loss.
Thanks to great content water The sweet berry does not lead to excessive consumption of carbohydrates that saturate the body, therefore it is indicated in dietary nutrition.
Useful properties of watermelon
Due to the large amount of vitamins and microelements, watermelon is consumed as a preventive and remedy from many diseases:
- lycopene normalizes blood pressure, improves blood flow, has a beneficial effect on the heart and blood vessels, prevents the development of cancer cells (products with it are prescribed during recovery from chemotherapy);
- calcium is indicated for people with high bone fragility;
- vitamin A prevents degenerative processes in the organs of vision, improves hair follicles;
- Vitamin C improves immunity, improves overall well-being, and is involved in the production of collagen, which is responsible for the health of the skin;
- B vitamins increase vital energy and the level of resistance to negative external factors;
- water rich in vitamins and microelements cleanses the kidneys, removes toxins, and fiber cleanses the intestines;
- the complex of all components of watermelon fights obesity.
The undoubted benefits of watermelon make it one of the most useful dietary products.
Benefits for men
Many people do not know the fact that watermelon is extremely beneficial for men:
- lycopene and citrulline contained in the berry restore and enhance sexual potency. Their action is similar medicines, which increases a man’s sexual activity, but has no side effects;
- for men involved in strength sports, watermelon will help in building muscle mass, and also after training as a means of removing lactic acid from the body;
- Treatment of prostate adenoma will be more effective if you consume watermelon pulp 3-4 times a day for 2-3 weeks or drink 2 tbsp. watermelon juice per day (2 weeks).
Benefits for women
Watermelon also solves women's problems:
- substances contained in the seeds stop uterine bleeding;
- watermelon pulp is used as a cosmetic moisturizing and rejuvenating mask: it is applied to gauze and then to the face for 25–30 minutes;
- watermelon with rye bread helps you lose weight without harming your health (consume 2 kg of dietary product per 10 kg of body weight per day for 4–6 days).
Watermelon is also good for pregnant women as a fortified and mineralized product.
Gynecologists watermelon is prescribed to expectant mothers:
- in order to restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and prevent constipation;
- to relieve stress, insomnia, normalize the functioning of the nervous system;
- to remove toxins and excess fluid from the body, to combat swelling;
- to saturate the body with vitamins and microelements.
It is important for breastfeeding women to consume watermelon in small quantities., since pulp increases the risk of diarrhea in babies.
Important! Freshly squeezed berry juice is useful for chronic liver and kidney diseases, urolithiasis of the gallbladder, cystitis in women and urinary incontinence in children.
The benefits of fresh watermelon have been proven by many studies. and application in traditional and folk medicine.
Possible harm and contraindications
Despite its enormous benefits, watermelon can also cause harm to humans. This is due to chronic diseases or an acute course of the disease, when eating the fetus causes an outflow of fluid, and with it, medications. Excessive consumption of striped berries causes diarrhea, vomiting, heaviness in the stomach, and worsens the general condition of a person.
Important! When purchasing, choose a whole, uncut and uncracked fruit, since due to high temperatures in the open air, fermentation processes quickly begin in it, which often cause poisoning.
List of diseases for which watermelon is excluded from the diet or eat it carefully:
- accompanied by diarrhea, cramps and vomiting;
- the presence of large stones in the kidneys and bladder: a large amount of fluid can provoke the movement of stones, which will lead to intense pain and the need for surgical intervention;
- disturbance of urine outflow, colitis.
Watermelon is capable of accumulating, especially if it was fed with chemicals for rapid ripening. When watermelons are consumed early (in May–July), severe poisoning with these substances often occurs.
Conclusion
A ripe watermelon is a storehouse of vitamins and minerals contained in the pulp, rind and seeds. Its regular use in the summer replenishes the lack of nutrients in the body and strengthens the immune system.
Despite the high glycemic index and the amount of sugars, the berry is low in calories, consists of 90% water, and therefore forms the basis of many dietary diets. The fruit is equally valuable for men and women. In case of certain diseases, it is eaten with caution.
Is it possible to combine a pleasant taste, an affordable price and a healing effect? Yes, if we are talking about watermelons!
Watermelon is widely known and popular all over the world. There is still nervous debate as to what kind of plant this is: a berry, a vegetable or a fruit.
The product has become a favorite due to its many advantages:
- quenching thirst;
- long-term saturation of the body;
- light food;
- utility.
I would especially like to note the last point on this list: benefits. The product contains a large amount of vitamins and microelements. Let's take a closer look.
Table 1. Vitamin content in watermelon
| Vitamin | Quantity per 100 g | % daily norm |
| Vitamin A | 35.40 mcg | 4% |
| Vitamin B1 | 0.03 mg | 3% |
| Vitamin B2 | 0.03 mg | 2% |
| Vitamin B3 | 0.24 mg | 2% |
| Vitamin B5 | 0.21 mcg | |
| 0.07 mg | 5% | |
| Vitamin B7 | 1 mcg | 2% |
| Vitamin B9 | 4.55 mcg | |
| 6.34 mg | 8% | |
| 0 mcg | ||
| 0.11 mg | 1% | |
| Vitamin K | 0.20 mcg |
Table 2. Content of beneficial microelements and their effect on the body
| Lycopene | 4532 mcg | Has antioxidant properties. Prevention of the development of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. . Reduces inflammatory processes. |
| Vitamin PP | 0.2 mg | Takes part in redox processes. Regulates the activity of the nervous, digestive, and cardiovascular systems. Normalizes blood cholesterol levels. Helps remove toxic substances from the body. Dilates blood vessels and prevents the development of thrombosis. Stabilizes blood pressure. |
| Vitamin C | 0.7–20 mg | Takes an active part in the work of the hematopoietic system. Strengthens the walls of blood vessels, making them strong and elastic. Regulates the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems. It has an antioxidant effect and also removes free radicals from the body. Prevents the development of inflammatory processes, as well as heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes. |
| Thiamine | 0.1–0.7 mg | Provides body cells with fluid. Regulates the functioning of the circulatory and cardiovascular systems. Improves the activity of the nervous system, in particular the brain. |
| Riboflavin | 0.1–0.7 mg | Participates in energy and synthetic reactions of the body. Forms and restores body tissues. Improves the condition of skin, hair, nails. . |
| Beta carotene | 0.1–0.7 mg | Improves vision. Helps rejuvenate the body. Reduces the risk of developing tumors. |
A regular serving covers the need for vitamins:
- 200 grams of pulp (about a few slices) compensates daily norm magnesium
- 300 grams of fruit (about 5 medium slices) satisfies the body's daily need for.
- 100 grams (one slice) covers the daily need for folic acid.
Compatibility with other products
The berry does not combine with any product. This is a separate product that will be quickly digested, provided that it is not mixed with other food. Otherwise, the product will cause fermentation processes and decompose in the stomach.
What else is beneficial in watermelon?
Watermelon is rich in carbohydrates, and the protein and fat content is much lower. The following table will help you understand how many of them are per 100 grams of product.
The fruit contains a huge amount of microelements, let’s look at it in more detail.
| Iron | 0.24 mg | Strengthens the body's resistance. Gives vigor and strength. Participates in growth processes. Improves the functioning of the hematopoietic system. |
| Phosphorus | 7 mg | Improves mental and muscle activity. Participates in metabolism and chemical processes. Regulates the functioning of the heart and kidneys. |
| Calcium | 7 mg | Regulates the functioning of the coagulation system. Fights excess cholesterol. Improves the functioning of the endocrine glands. |
| Magnesium | 12 mg | Restores body cells. Promotes proper, harmonious functioning of the heart, lowers blood pressure. Improves the functioning of the respiratory system. Strengthens teeth and enamel. Relieves the condition of algomenorrhea. |
| Potassium | 112 mg | It has a beneficial effect on brain function and saturates the brain with oxygen. Helps the body fight allergic reactions. |
Are watermelons equally beneficial for everyone?
For children
Opinions vary regarding the age at which a child should introduce watermelon into their diet. Some argue that it is not permissible to give birth before 5 years of age, while others assure that this can be safely done from one year onwards.
In any case, you should not forget about safety measures. It is strictly forbidden to give early fruits to children. Care must be taken to ensure that the berry has a low nitrate content.
In order to reduce the risk of poisoning, follow these recommendations:
- It is unacceptable to eat cut or damaged fruits;
- It is strictly forbidden to eat part of the watermelon wrapped in film;
- Before use, the product should be thoroughly rinsed with water.
For adults
Adults can safely use the product. At the same time, also being careful and remembering contraindications. Let's take a closer look at the benefits of the fruit for adults:
- For male health. Availability of product in the diet serves as a good prevention of male infertility. In addition, the substances contained in the berry have a beneficial effect on potency. This is due to the presence of citrulline, which dilates blood vessels;
- For female health. The presence of carotene, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid helps in the fight against age-related changes. The antioxidant abilities of these substances prolong youth and fight cancer cells. Watermelon is also actively used by cosmetologists. Masks with the addition of pulp will make the skin fresh, velvety and radiant.
For older people
Watermelon is very useful for older people, it reduces the risk of cancer, contains a lot of fiber, which has a beneficial effect on digestion processes. In old age, problems with the heart and blood vessels often arise, and immunity also decreases. Eating the fruit helps proper operation cardiovascular system.
Pregnant
Regarding, the opinions of experts differ radically. Some say that you can eat the product in excessive doses, while others advise you to abstain from it. Probably the truth is somewhere in the middle. On the one hand, the fetus is a treasure trove of vitamins and microelements that are useful during pregnancy, but on the other hand, the fetus can cause the following negative consequences:
- flatulence;
- swelling;
- high probability of poisoning.
The product provides therapeutic effect for such diseases:
- kidney pathologies. Can't find better remedy for flushing the kidneys. The only thing is that if the pathology requires restriction in fluid intake, a large amount of the product can be harmful;
- diseases of the urinary system. Thanks to the berry, the liquid does not stay in the bladder for a long time, and along with it, harmful microflora that provokes inflammatory processes is removed;
- swelling;
- liver function disorders. The entire base of vitamins and minerals regulates metabolic processes and also participates in the correct formation of the composition of bile;
- obesity. The berry is used as a main dish on fasting days. The weight loss effect is associated not only with a diuretic effect, the product effectively fights hunger. By eating watermelon, a person will eat much less food;
- gout. Substances contained in watermelon remove purines from the body;
- gallbladder dysfunction. Promotes good flow of bile;
- anemia. The correct ratio of iron and folic acid effectively increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood;
- atherosclerosis. Folic acid effectively fights the formation of atherosclerotic plaques;
- infection. Watermelon enhances the effect of antibiotic therapy and also reduces them harmful effects on the body;
- helminthic infestations;
- hypertension;
- hyperthermia;
- intestinal diseases. The product enriches the body with beneficial microflora.
Who are they contraindicated for?
Despite the fact that almost everyone loves watermelon and the product has great benefits, it is still a rather capricious fruit (or more correctly: a berry). Let's take a closer look at who should use watermelon carefully:
- Children under 8 years of age should carefully introduce the product into their diet. Eating large quantities of berries can cause poisoning and colic;
- people who have cardiovascular pathology, you should also be careful when taking this berry, since the possible nitrate content can cause exacerbation of attacks;
- patients with kidney stones or gallstones should be careful, since an excessive amount of the product can cause the advancement of stones, which will harm the body;
- in case of gastrointestinal disorders or intoxication, the product is contraindicated;
- For pathologies of the urinary system, the fruit is contraindicated, as it can provoke an exacerbation.
It is no longer the berry itself that causes harm, but the nitrates it may contain. They can cause severe poisoning, even fatal cases have been recorded.
The fruit itself, as it turned out, is incredibly useful, but people’s greed leads to violation of the rules of cultivation and storage. Nitrates themselves have little toxicity, but when they enter the digestive system, harmful compounds are formed that cause the development of cancer.
This, of course, does not mean that you should categorically refuse the fruit, you just need to learn how to choose it correctly.
Taking into account all the indications and contraindications, as well as various opinions of experts, you can make a confident choice in favor of watermelon - not just a pleasant treat, but also, most importantly, a healthy product!
As you can see from the table, watermelon is a low-calorie berry, consisting mainly of water. However, you should not abuse it and try to lose weight with it, since it contains a large amount of carbohydrates and sugars and has a very high glycemic index. However, the benefits of watermelon for the body cannot be underestimated, because it contains useful microelements and vitamins. And its seeds, although they have an excessively high energy value, are a rich source of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and vitamin PP.
Medicinal properties
At first glance, it may seem that watermelon, which is 90% liquid, does not particularly enrich the body with useful elements, but in fact, along with it, a person receives a significant dose of vitamin C, which protects cells from damage and gives elasticity to the skin and blood vessels, as well as vitamin A, which is directly involved in the process of visual perception. Despite the fact that watermelon pulp does not have a high content of B vitamins, including the extremely important folic acid, as well as vitamin PP, which regulates the process of releasing energy from food, they are present in abundance in watermelon seeds.
Regarding minerals, then watermelon provides the body with a large amount of magnesium, which has a beneficial effect on muscle contractility. In addition, it is essential for normal calcium absorption. Without magnesium, the process of bone tissue renewal is impossible. There is especially a lot of this microelement in watermelon seeds (130% of the daily value in 100 g). Also, watermelon (to a lesser extent the pulp and to a greater extent the seeds) is rich in phosphorus, which gives strength to bones and teeth. By the way, contrary to popular myth, eating seeds does not lead to appendicitis.
American scientists have proven that watermelon is the richest natural source of L-citrulline, an amino acid from which nitric oxide is synthesized in the body, which, in turn, promotes the dilation of blood vessels and maintains their tone. In one experiment, subjects after consuming citrulline were transferred to a room with a low temperature in order to provoke vasoconstriction. Then their pressure was measured, and it turned out that after the amino acid entered the body, the readings were lower and the blood vessels narrowed less. Moreover, L-citrulline is able to remove lactic acid from muscles.
The red color of watermelon pulp is largely due to the presence of carotenoids in its composition, which are converted into vitamin A in the body. However, one of them, lycopene, does not undergo this transformation. Instead, it exhibits high antioxidant activity. Some scientists associate its effect with reducing the risk of developing cancer of the digestive system and prostate gland. In addition, its beneficial effects on blood vessels (lowers cholesterol levels and prevents the formation of plaques) and heart function are noted. Like other carotenoids, lycopene is beneficial for vision and contributes to the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (central vision loss).
Watermelon is considered a functional food and is very beneficial for people who undergo intense physical activity through exercise. This berry simultaneously provides the body with fast carbohydrates, antioxidants, and amino acids. Research shows that watermelon puree and juice (500 ml after training) have the same effect on the body as sports drinks. They reduce muscle soreness and help recovery.
Finally, you should pay attention to the fact that, contrary to popular belief, watermelon cannot be considered a magical remedy that flushes and cleanses the body of all toxins. Along with the pulp, we consume not only a large amount of liquid, but also an excess amount of sugar. To remove it, the kidneys are actively involved in their work, and the more sugar they need to remove, the more fluid they draw from the body. Thus, small portions can in a good way activate the work of these organs, but there is no need to lean on watermelons and create a large load on them.
In medicine
In scientific medicine, watermelon is practically not used yet. But given that some of its components have high therapeutic potential, it is possible that in the future scientists will use them to develop various medications (for example, vasodilators).
Today, watermelon juice extract is used in a Korean remedy called “ Mighty Khan" or " Super Khan" Its action is aimed at enhancing potency, and watermelon juice is responsible for cleansing and dilating the blood vessels through which blood flows to the penis. However, let us pay attention to the fact that this remedy is not classified as a medicine, but as a food additives. And it is quite difficult to make an unambiguous conclusion about its effectiveness. The degree of impact depends on the causes of erectile dysfunction, so it is better to consult your doctor about the advisability of taking these capsules.
Also on the shelves of pharmacies, watermelon is presented in the form of an oil extract of its seeds, which is recommended for use in kidney diseases. This product helps remove sand and small stones. Thanks to it, the structure of the kidney tissue improves. In addition, the oil produces a slight diuretic effect, enhances the excretion of uric acid and is involved in maintaining the acid-base balance.
In folk medicine
In folk medicine, watermelon is used mainly in the treatment of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, but some recipes promise to solve problems with the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Watermelon is also used externally to speed up the healing of wounds and burns. Please note that when preparing folk remedies, peels and seeds of the watermelon fruit are used more often than the pulp.
Decoctions
It is recommended to use a decoction of watermelon rinds when sand or small stones appear in the kidneys and gallbladder, as well as for colitis and dysbacteriosis. This product can be prepared from either fresh peel or dried peel. If we are talking about fresh raw materials, then first of all the rind must be separated from the pulp and cleared of the outer bright green film. Then grind and add water at the rate of 100 g of raw material per 1 liter of water. This mixture should be left on low heat for 30 minutes, then let it brew for about an hour and strain.
If there is a need to prepare such a decoction throughout the year, then you can make supplies for the winter. Peeled and cut into small pieces, the peels should be laid out in one layer on a baking sheet and placed in an oven preheated to 50°C. When the moisture evaporates, the temperature is raised to 70°C. You can also leave the baking sheet in the sun or use an electric dryer. The resulting raw materials are usually stored in paper bags or ground into powder and placed in glass containers.
To prepare a decoction, pour 150 g of dry peel into 1 liter of boiling water (when using powder, take 1 tablespoon per 1.5 cups of water) and let it brew for an hour. Take this remedy one glass 3-4 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals. By the way, for diarrhea, healers advise taking one teaspoon of powder with water every two hours until digestion improves.
There are also recipes for decoctions of watermelon seeds. To prepare such a drug, 40 g of seeds are kneaded in a mortar and poured into 1 liter hot water, leaving on low heat for 30 minutes. Then you need to let the liquid brew for about an hour and strain. Next, add 150 g of mashed watermelon pulp, mix and store in the refrigerator. This remedy is used for inflammation of the urinary tract and kidney diseases 2 days a week according to the following scheme: 1 glass on an empty stomach, and then another glass 30 minutes after each meal.
External use
Traditional healers claim that both watermelon pulp and watermelon rinds are effective in treating minor wounds and sunburns. To do this, you need to grind fresh raw materials with a blender to a puree mass, and then apply to the affected area of the skin and secure with a bandage. After an hour, rinse with cool water. To speed up the healing of wounds, you can make a compress from a decoction of watermelon rinds.
In addition, traditional healers claim that applying fresh peels to the temples for headaches and to joints for arthrosis helps reduce pain. However, the benefits of such procedures are still extremely doubtful.
In folk medicine, watermelon juice is considered an effective remedy for fever, hematological diseases and infectious inflammation of the genitourinary system. Usually it is taken one glass 4-5 times a day. In addition, watermelon juice is often mixed with freshly squeezed juices of other vegetables and fruits. The most popular mixtures include the following:
- Watermelon-orange (mix in equal proportions and take 0.5 cups 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals). Reduces cholesterol levels, activates intestinal motility, helps with mild constipation, and relieves symptoms of fatigue.
- Watermelon-birch (mix in equal proportions and take 1 glass 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals). Reduces blood pressure, helps alleviate symptoms of arrhythmia, and has choleretic, diuretic and antipyretic effects. It is recommended to rinse the mouth and throat during inflammatory processes.
- Watermelon-cherry (mix in equal proportions and take 1 glass 3-4 times a day). Helps with colds, has an anticonvulsant effect, normalizes the gastrointestinal tract and improves appetite.
- Watermelon-apple (mix in equal proportions and drink throughout the day). Helps restore or maintain body tone, helps with mental and physical fatigue, dizziness. Has a mild laxative effect.
- Watermelon-potato (mix in a ratio of 2 to 1 and take 1 glass 2 times a day). A mixture of these juices is useful for problems with the digestive system (gastritis with increased acidity, enterocolitis, peptic ulcer of the intestines and stomach, dysbacteriosis, heartburn, constipation). It is also used as a lotion for sunburn.
By the way, for inflammation of the urinary tract and fevers, it is recommended to drink “watermelon milk”. To prepare it, 50 g of seeds are thoroughly kneaded in a mortar, and then 500 ml of water are added and continued to be crushed until a milk-like liquid appears. The resulting mixture is filtered and drunk 1 teaspoon 6 times a day.
In oriental medicine
In folk medicine of eastern countries, watermelon has long been given close attention. For example, in China it was classified as a cooling food and was believed to have an effect on the heart, stomach and bladder. It was believed to have a cleansing effect and be able to remove disease from the body if taken regularly before meals. In addition, this berry calms the spirit and helps get rid of anxiety and feelings of disappointment.
Until now, Chinese traditional healers use watermelon to relieve diseases such as nephritis and hypertension. Moreover, they believe that it has an antipyretic, diuretic and mild laxative effect. Special attention is paid to the seeds, which when dried are brewed as tea. This drink has a beneficial effect on the kidneys and helps reduce blood pressure. However, Chinese healers warn against eating watermelons for those who have acute problems with the gastrointestinal tract.
In Indian folk medicine, watermelon is considered primarily a cold and moist product that stimulates the appetite and improves the digestion process. In addition, it is recommended to be used for eye diseases, and also used externally for skin inflammation.
In scientific research
Watermelon gets into scientific research mainly due to the fact that it contains a high concentration of the carotenoid pigment lycopene. It was previously believed that the richest source of this antioxidant was tomato. However, later scientists found that a watermelon with red pulp is not only not inferior, but even surpasses a tomato in this indicator by about 40%. Moreover, in order to obtain a high dose of lycopene from a tomato, it must first be subjected to heat treatment, and from watermelon, lycopene is absorbed by the body in full and directly.
Researchers believe that this pigment has the necessary properties to prevent chronic diseases such as dyslipidemia (a cholesterol disorder), diabetes, osteoporosis and even cancer. In addition, it helps fight free radicals, oxidative stress (a process that leads to diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems) and neurodegenerative diseases.
For example, in one experiment, scientists introduced lycopene into the diet of healthy male smokers with low intake of fruits and vegetables and found that the level of oxidative stress in their bodies was significantly reduced. Moreover, improvements in the functioning of the endothelium (the inner layer of blood vessels) were recorded.
According to the results of one study conducted at Harvard University, scientists found that men who regularly take lycopene are less likely to develop cancer, especially prostate cancer. There is also evidence that among those who did develop the disease, it was 25% more people with a lack of this carotenoid pigment in the diet.
As for women, scientists believe that a sufficient amount of lycopene in the body helps reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer by 5 times. And if we take statistics that include other types of cancer, then among the patients there were 44% more people who received insufficient amounts of carotenoid pigment.
Lycopene has also proven effective against hyperglycemia. Chinese scientists divided rats into groups, each of which was given this pigment in various doses (0, 250, 500 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, no deviations from the norm in blood and urine readings were detected, except that the glucose level decreased noticeably. Moreover, the higher the dose of lycopene, the more glucose dropped. In another similar study, not only a decrease in sugar was recorded, but also an increase in insulin levels.
In addition, from 1992 to 2003. Large-scale work was carried out to monitor diabetic women in the middle age category. During this period, they adhered to a diet that was rich in lycopene-containing foods. Scientists continued to monitor the condition of these women until 2013 and, as a result, concluded that on average their insulin levels increased by 37-45%.
Finally, in one of the most recent studies, scientists analyzed the effect of not only lycopene, but all components of watermelon on the body of rats that were kept on an atherogenic diet (promoting the development of atherosclerosis). In particular, special attention focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of watermelon, as well as its effect on lipid profile.
It turned out that, in comparison with the control group, rats that regularly received watermelon extract had decreased levels of oxidative stress, cholesterol and triglycerides, and also increased the body's antioxidant capacity, which, in turn, reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
For weight loss
Usually, watermelon is included in the top fruits and vegetables that help you lose weight quickly. Often they even base a mono-diet on it. On the one hand, this attitude towards this giant berry seems justified, because it contains a lot of liquid and very few calories (100 g of pulp contains only 30 kcal). However, on the other hand, watermelon has an overly high glycemic index, it contains a lot of sugar and in large quantities it puts a huge burden on the kidneys.
So, using watermelon in weight loss diets is possible, but its portions should not exceed 200-300 g per day. Despite the fact that this berry contains fiber, which should provide a long-lasting feeling of fullness, after watermelon your appetite returns quite quickly. The thing is that its glycemic index is 80 units. This means that after eating the pulp, the blood sugar level rises sharply and then drops just as sharply and the feeling of hunger quickly resumes. In addition, although the sugars in watermelon are simple, their excess does not benefit the body.
If in diets with a varied diet, watermelon in moderation is quite acceptable and even useful due to its low calorie content and ability to remove excess fluid from the body, then it is better to abandon the watermelon mono-diet. By eating the same product, the body does not receive a huge amount of nutrients. In addition, along the way, the watermelon washes away useful minerals that were already in the body.
Finally, a huge burden falls on the kidneys, so such a diet is not only undesirable, but contraindicated for people who already have problems with these organs or who suffer from inflammation of the genitourinary system. Dangerous consequences can also await those who have cardiovascular and digestive systems or diabetes.
In cooking
Traditional way eating watermelon – fresh and often separately from other products. However, this is not limited to this; in many cuisines of the world, watermelon is dried, pickled, and fried. It is used to make jam, honey (traditional Astrakhan nardek), and is added to desserts, oysters, salads and even soups (for example, one of the versions of summer gazpacho). In addition, Mediterranean residents prefer to spread it on watermelon. cream cheese, and the Thais have the habit of sprinkling the pulp with salt. By the way, in China, watermelon with salt is also quite common, so they even released the popular Fanta drink with the corresponding aroma.
According to their own taste qualities Watermelon goes well with both sweet and salty foods. However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that salt retains water, and watermelon supplies it to the body in large quantities. This combination can lead to fluid stagnation and swelling. It is useful to combine this berry with fat-containing foods, because lycopene and carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments. In this sense, a salad of watermelon, feta cheese and mint, dressed with olive oil, is good.
If you want to experiment and bring a little exoticism into your everyday diet, then you can try frying watermelon slices. First of all, they need to be peeled and seeded, and then cut into small pieces. For the batter, mix 2 egg whites and 4 tablespoons potato starch(previously diluted in a small amount of water). Dip the watermelon pieces in flour, then in batter and deep-fry or fry in a frying pan. After this, sprinkle with powdered sugar.
Another interesting summer dessert is watermelon cake. To prepare it, you need to peel the watermelon from the rind and use a knife to give it any shape (it will serve as the basis of the dessert). Then grind the coconut pieces to a puree, heat this mass and add gelatin to it, stirring until completely dissolved, pour in cold whipped cream and put in the refrigerator for an hour. Then coat the watermelon pulp with this cream and sprinkle with almond flakes.
By the way, not only the pulp can be useful in cooking, but also the peel from which jam is made. The recipe is extremely simple, but it will take time. The peels, washed and cut into small pieces, are placed in sugar syrup and boiled for 15 minutes, then left in the refrigerator for 12 hours. During this time, the skins become translucent and acquire an amber tint. After this, they must be put on the fire again and boiled for 15 minutes, and then hidden in the refrigerator for 12 hours. For the third time, while boiling, add orange zest and spices to the jam to taste.
Finally, watermelon makes very impressive summer cocktails. To prepare such a “drink in a barrel,” you need to cut a small hole in the upper part of the fruit for a blender, immerse it inside and beat the pulp. Then add rum or any other type of alcohol, mint and lime and insert straws.
No matter how you plan to cook the watermelon, it is important to remember that you must wash it first, otherwise, when cutting the rind, bacteria from the surface will get inside onto the edible part.
In cosmetology
Unlike official medicine, watermelon has long received well-deserved recognition in cosmetology. Pulp extract, as well as watermelon seed oil, are used in beauty products for various purposes. For example, due to its high liquid content, the berry is of particular value for moisturizers, and the presence of simple sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose), which contain glycolic acid, justifies its appearance in mild peeling products. This acid helps remove the layer of dead cells without damaging the skin underneath.
In addition, watermelon brings chemical composition cosmetic products pectins, which activate the protective function of the skin and soften aggressive effects environment. Vitamin C and antioxidants give the epidermis elasticity and firmness, thus protecting it from premature aging. Finally, B vitamins stimulate the process of filling cells with oxygen and thereby maintaining skin tone. Note that watermelon also provides a slight whitening effect, which may be useful for those with pigmented and freckled skin.
As for watermelon seed oil, according to cosmetologists, it has a beneficial effect on hair. Stearic, oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids nourish curls, and L-arginine affects the blood supply to hair follicles, stimulating the growth process and, if necessary, starting the recovery process. Due to the content of copper and zinc, products with watermelon seed oil will be especially useful for hair prone to oiliness and active loss of pigment (greying). Finally, we note that due to its fresh and slightly sweet aroma, watermelon is often used in both women's and men's perfumes, especially when creating summer scents.
As for cooking cosmetics V at home, then among the most popular recipes are the following:
- To provide a refreshing and tonic effect, it is recommended to freeze watermelon juice in an ice tray and then wipe your face with it. Wash off any remaining liquid after 15 minutes.
- When acne appears, you need to place 10 g of watermelon seeds in a mortar and mash them well, gradually adding 100 ml of water. Apply to skin, leave for 20 minutes and then rinse with cool water.
- If the skin of your hands is rough and dry, you should cut off the top part of the watermelon fruit, beat the inside of the pulp a little with a blender, add a glass of warm milk and lower your palms into this mixture for a few minutes. Then apply the fatty fraction (any vegetable oil) to the skin.
Dangerous properties of watermelon and contraindications
Moderate consumption of watermelon has a beneficial effect on the body, however, abuse can lead to negative consequences:
- More than 30 mg of that very useful antioxidant lycopene can provoke disruption of the digestive system (especially in older people), cause nausea and diarrhea.
- In people with hyperkalemia, large amounts of watermelon can cause muscle spasms and arrhythmia.
- An excess of potassium can also lead to a sharp decrease in blood pressure.
- A large amount of sugar puts a strong glycemic load on the body, especially for those suffering from diabetes. It is better to combine eating watermelon with plant foods rich in fiber. This will make the glucose spike less dramatic.
- If you have kidney problems, large portions of watermelon can provoke severe edema, since the liquid simply cannot leave the body quickly.
- Watermelon seeds contain so-called antinutrients (phytins, tannins, inhibitors of trypsin - an enzyme that breaks down proteins), so it is better to eat them not raw, but dried or fried.
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Watermelon began to be grown in the Kalahari Desert 4,000 years ago, but it came to Europe from Africa only in the 17th century. Plant growers claim that modern berries bear little resemblance to their predecessors. American scientist James Nienhuis cites as confirmation a still life by the Italian artist of that time Giovanni Stanchi, which depicts a fruit with very light, barely pinkish flesh. The watermelon turned red thanks to the work of breeders who gradually filled it with lycopene.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the berries had already acquired a reddish tint and, according to historians, were extremely sweet. The Watermelon Museum in Astrakhan displays Boris Kustodiev’s painting “Merchant’s Wife at Tea”. The canvas depicts a woman with a cup, and on the table next to the samovar there are slices of watermelon. It is believed that the berry was so sweet that it was eaten as a dessert, washed down with tea.
Since then, watermelon has only gained popularity around the world, and it’s not without reason that many countries hold themed festivals and even erect monuments to it. Many such monuments are located on the territory of post-Soviet countries. The most famous are in Saratov and Kamyshin (Russia), as well as in Kherson and the village. Osokorovka, Kherson region (Ukraine). There is also a giant sculpture in the small Australian town of Chinchilla. Although more modest, there is a monument to watermelon in the USA - in Texas.
It is interesting that watermelons are loved and appreciated not only for their taste and beneficial properties, but also for their special structure. Firstly, they serve as a wonderful material for masters of culinary carving (artistic cutting of vegetables and fruits). Secondly, horror film sound engineers use watermelon fruits to recreate the sounds that accompany being hit in the face, splitting the head, and breaking bones. And in the famous series “Game of Thrones,” the sound of a splitting dragon egg was imitated by hitting a watermelon.
Selection and storage
Determining the period from which it becomes safe to buy watermelons and choosing a good ripe berry is not a difficult task, although it is surrounded by many myths. It is best to start eating watermelons with the beginning of the season, that is, in August. Of course, there are also early-ripening varieties that ripen earlier, but there are relatively few of them on the market, but the likelihood of running into fruit whose growth has been accelerated by fertilizers is quite high.
Note that almost all melon growers use nitrogen fertilizers when growing watermelons, but the main thing is not to exceed the permissible standards. With an excess of nitrogen, the fruit ripens quickly, but a large amount of nitrates remains in it. In the same way, unripe berries pose a danger. Nitrates from fertilizers must undergo a period of bound form and elimination, and in the case of early harvesting, harmful substances do not have time to do this and remain inside.
Despite the fact that watermelon may contain an excess of nitrates and this is not very beneficial for the body, it is almost impossible to be poisoned by them. The permissible intake of nitrates for a person weighing 60 kg is 300 mg. Even the most “polluted” watermelon fruit contains approximately 270-280 mg of harmful substances per 1 kg of pulp. For comparison, up to 1000 mg of nitrates/1 kg is sometimes found in meat, and up to 2500 mg/1 kg in greenhouse spinach and arugula.
Poisoning, which is usually associated with the consumption of watermelon, does happen, but not at all due to nitrates, but rather due to poor hygiene. Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea are symptoms accompanying intestinal infections, which arise due to the ingestion of bacteria living on the surface of unwashed vegetables and fruits. When cut, they fall onto the pulp, and then into gastrointestinal tract. So you should wash your watermelon well and thoroughly before eating.
When choosing a fruit, you should pay attention to the peel: there should be no damage or dents on it. The surface of a ripe watermelon is usually shiny and bright green, but on one side there should be a yellow-brown (earthy) spot - the place where the watermelon lay while ripening. It is quite normal for the rind of a watermelon to have bee cobwebs - thin ornate gray-brown stripes. It is believed that this is a sign of the special sweetness of the fruit. The tail or the place where it is attached should be dry, and the sound when tapped should be clear.
As for storing watermelon, after cutting it can be kept in the refrigerator for no more than 3-4 days. By the way, inventive lovers of this berry have come up with a useful life hack - covering the remaining half of the watermelon with a shower cap. Due to the elastic band, it holds well and protects the pulp from chapping.
At room temperature A whole watermelon can last on average about 2 weeks, but the timing depends on the degree of its ripeness. Interestingly, this fruit can be preserved even until the New Year. To do this, it must either be placed in a net and hung, or placed on shelves, wrapped in straw, in a dark and cool (4-5°C) room. True, as scientists have found, in conditions with low temperatures, the lycopene content in watermelons decreases (from 8.1-12.7 mg/100 g to 7.8-8.1 mg/100 g).
Varieties and cultivation
Previously it was believed that watermelon could grow only in hot southern climates. However, the work of breeders has done possible cultivation of this berry even in less favorable conditions, the main thing is to choose the right variety for your region. The melon plant should be located on the south side of the site and protected from strong winds. Note that the proximity of groundwater is unacceptable, and for better outflow of liquid and warming up the earth, you can even make beds 15 cm high. The structure of sandy loam or sandy soil is best.
You can sow watermelon directly into the ground when the temperature has reached 15-16°C and the soil has warmed up to about 10 cm deep. Watering the plant may occur infrequently, but should be plentiful (about 3 buckets per 1 square meter). During the flowering period, watering should be carried out 2 times a week, and during ripening, watering is no longer required.
The variety of watermelons is amazing: you can choose a berry for almost any climatic conditions. They will differ in terms of growing season, frost and drought resistance, but the taste characteristics and appearance basically remain unchanged. Although there are some exceptions.
For example, breeders managed to develop “moon” watermelons with pulp yellow. And on the Japanese island of Hokkaido, watermelons of the Densuke variety grow. Their skin is dark green without stripes, which is why they are also called black. A very small amount of fruit is collected there in one season, but it is believed that they have a special sweetness. This explains their average price of $250 for a berry weighing 6-7 kg, and the largest black watermelon was sold at auction for $6,100. They are usually sold in stylish black boxes and are considered a very valuable gift.
In addition, there are varieties that completely lack seeds (not very common here, but in Europe they make up 80% of the market). In some countries, tiny portioned berries (about 10 cm in diameter) have gained popularity. Japanese melon growers are also actively experimenting with shape, growing pyramidal and cubic fruits. By the way, if pyramid watermelons were created, rather, for marketing purposes, then the appearance of cube watermelons is explained by completely practical considerations. Such berries take up much less space and are more convenient to transport.
You can grow cube fruit in your own garden. At the moment when the ovary reaches the size of an apple or a tennis ball, it is covered on top with a plastic cube (calculated for 4-5 kg) with transparent walls and holes for air penetration. When the berry fills the entire space, the cube is removed and the fruit is left to ripen.
Overall, watermelon is not just a refreshing water, but a source of essential amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. It is low in calories and fat, but contains fiber. These berries have long been used in cosmetology, and now their properties are being actively studied by doctors. When consumed in moderation, watermelon helps maintain normal functioning of the cardiovascular and digestive systems, it also contributes to the body's antioxidant defenses and helps prevent the development of many chronic diseases.
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