Remember that everything you learn must be spoken out loud, listening to the voiceover of both the lesson itself and the answers to the exercises. Don’t be afraid if you are not yet familiar with the reading rules - just repeat after the announcer and return to the file according to the reading rules.
The pronunciation will pick up on its own in the process of working with the Spanish language.
Listen to the audio lesson with additional explanations
IN Spanish, as in all other European languages, you can't just say:
I'm beautiful, he's weird, they're at home, you're at work.
Get used to what any foreigner will say:
I There is beautiful, she There is weird, they There is at home, you There is At work.
The so-called verb be– one of the most important verbs in any foreign language.
The British have to be. The Germans have sein .
The French have être. The Italians have essere .
The Spanish also have a verb be. And not one, but two. What's the difference?
Conjugation of the verb ser
Verb ser – to be someone, something (something like a characteristic of a person, his description).
For example:
He (is) the director, and she (is) the secretary. He (is) very rich, and she (is) very beautiful.
Él es director y ella es secretaria. Él es muy rico y ella es muy hermosa.
The verb does not change according to the rules, you just need to remember:
| Ser | ||
|---|---|---|
| Yo | soy | I am |
| Tú | eres | You are |
| Él/ella/usted | es | He/she/you are |
| Nosotros, as | somos | We are |
| Vosotros, as | sois | You are |
| Ellos, as / ustedes | son | They/You are |
Negative form of the verb ser
Before a verb (any verb in any tense) simply put the particle no.
| Yo | no soy | I don't have |
| Tú | no heres | You are not |
| Él/ella/usted | no es | He/she/you are not |
| Nosotros, as | no somos | We are not |
| Vosotros, as | no sois | You are not |
| Ellos, as / ustedes | no son | They/You are not |
Interrogative form of the verb ser
Complete analogy with the Russian language. What we want to ask, we highlight with intonation. The only thing to remember for writing is:
When writing a question, put it at the beginning of the sentence.
an inverted question mark ¿, and at the end - a regular ?
¿Es director? - Is he the director?
Conjugation of the verb estar
Verb estar – to be, to be in the moment.
¿Está ahora en el trabajo? – Is he at work now?
For example, you say:
Soy el director. Hoy estoy en el trabajo y mañana estoy en Canarias. – I'm the director. Today I'm at work, and tomorrow I'm in the Canaries.
In the first case you will use the verb ser, and in the second you will use the verb estar.
The verb ser answers the questions: You are Who? What?
Verb estar - to the question: Where?
Set expressions with the verb estar
With the verb estar in Spanish, as in French and Italian, there are a lot of set expressions that are easier to learn once than to constantly think about which of the verbs to be should be used in a sentence:
Coordination
What to pay attention to. In Russian we say:
I'm healthy, I'm healthy A, they are healthy s.
I'm busy, I'm busy A, they're busy s.
In grammar language this is called agree adjective in gender and number. If it’s simpler, then you need to put the correct endings.
A man will always speak with the ending -o
Woman – -a
They, we – -os / -as
Están contentos porque están sanos. – They are happy because they are healthy. (men and women)
Están contentas porque están sanas. – They are happy because they are healthy. (women)
Estoy enfermo porque hace calor. – I'm sick because it's hot.
Estoy enferma porque hace calor. – I'm sick because it's hot.
Estamos enfermos porque hace calor. – We are sick because it is hot. (men and women, men)
Estamos enfermas porque hace calor. – We are sick because it is hot. (women)
The verbs Ser and Estar are basic linking words in Spanish, but they are often confused because both verbs are translated "to be." However, each of them carries a completely different meaning. In this lesson we will look at all the rules and features of using and.
First let's look at the conjugation of the verb Ser in
1. present tense:
3. in the past perfect tense
4. in the future tense
yo sere - I will | nosotros seremos - we will |
Use of the verb Ser
1. Description of constant quality, unchanging characteristics. Use Ser when you say a person's name and describe them.
- Yo soy Marta. - I'm Martha.
- Él es Paco. - He's Paco.
- Yo soy alto. - I'm tall.
- Ellos son tranquilos. - They are calm.
- Mi hermana es intelligence. — My sister is smart.
2. Profession. Use Ser when you want to name a person's profession:
- Soy professor. - I am an educator.
- Ella era camarera. — She was a waitress.
— Mi hijo será actor. — My son will be an actor.
- Somos estudiantes. - We are students.
3. Time. When you say the day of the week and hour, use Ser:
- Hoy es jueves. - Today is Thursday.
— Mañana será el viernes. - Tomorrow will be Friday.
- Es la una. — It’s one o’clock now (01.00 or 13.00)
- Son las tres. — It’s three o’clock now.
Note that when you say "hour" you use es , and with all numbers greater than 1 you use son .
4. Place of birth, nationality, origin. When you say where someone is from, their nationality, or what they are made of, use Ser:
- Soy de Italia. - I'm from Italy.
— Eres de Argentina. — You are from Argentina.
- Es alemán. - He's German.
— Son rusos. - They are Russian.
- La mesa es de madera. — Table made of wood.
- La cadena es de plata. — Silver chain.
5. Family relationships, religions. If you want to indicate family ties and talk about your religion, use Ser:
- Juan es mi marido. - Juan is my husband.
- Anna es mi hermana. - Anna is my sister.
- Soy catolico. - I am Catholic.
- Soy orthodoxa. - I am Orthodox.
6. Price. Use Ser to ask for price:
— ¿Cuánto es? - what is the price?
7. Using Ser, they describe the unchanging characteristics of objects. For example, age, color, size, quality.
- El bolso es grande. — The bag is big.
- La película es buena. - The film is good.
- La casa es blanca. - The house is white.
- El coche es nuevo. - The car is new.
Let's look at examples use of Ser in monologue and dialogues:
Daniel: Te presento a unos amigos: este es David. Es medico.
I introduce you to my friends: this is David. He is a doctor.
David y yo somos compañeros de trabajo.
David and I are work colleagues.
Esta es Natalia. Natalia es de Sevilla. Somos amigos.
This is Natalya. Natalia from Seville. We are friends.
Estos son Miguel y Alejandro. Son argentinos. Son actors.
This is Miguel and Alejandro. They are Argentinians. They are actors.
Estas son Sandra y Monica. Son brasilñas. Son compañeras de clase.
This is Sandra and Monica. They are Brazilian. They are classmates.
Petra: Buenos días. - Good morning.
Pablo: Quién eres? - Who are you?
Petra: Soy Petra, y tú? – I’m Petra, and you?
Pablo: Soy Pablo. - I'm Pablo.
Petra: Y ella, ¿quién es? - And who is she?
Pablo: Es Anna. Es mi amiga. - She's Anna. She's my friend.
Petra: ¿Qué eres? - What do you do for a living?
Pablo: Soy estudiante. ¿Y tú? – I’m a student, what about you?
Petra: Soy medico. Yella, ¿qué es? - I am a doctor. And she, what does she do?
Pablo: Es enfermera. - She's a nurse.
Petra: Encantada. - Very nice.
Pablo: Bueno, mucho gusto. - Mutually, very nice.
Peter: ¡Hola! Soy Peter. - Hello, I'm Peter.
Susana: Yo soy Susan. - I'm Suzanne.
Peter: Encantado. Yo soy alemán, de Munich. ¿De donde eres? - Very nice. I'm German, from Munich. Where are you from?
Susana: Soy inglesa, de Londres. – I’m English, from London.
Peter: ¿Son ellos también ingleses? -Are they English too?
Susana: No, no son ingleses. Lucía es italiana, es de Roma. Raymond es americano, es de Florida. ¿Quién es nuestro profesor? - No, they are not English. Lucia is Italian, she is from Rome. Raymond is American, he is from Florida. Who is our teacher?
Peter: El señor García es nuestro profesor. – Mr. Garcia is our teacher.
Susana: ¿Cómo es el señor García? – Which Mr. Garcia?
Peter: Es alto, moreno y muy simpático. “He is tall, dark and very friendly.
Susana: ¿Español o sudamericano? – Is he Spanish or Latin American?
Peter: Español, de Madrid. - He is Spanish, from Madrid.
Conjugation of the verb Estar
The verb Estar is translated not only as “to be,” but also as “to be.” For convenience, we will use the second translation option.
1) in the present tense
3) in the past perfect tense
4) in the future tense
yo estare – I will be there | nosotros estaremos – we will be |
Use of the verb Estar
1. Location. If you want to know or indicate where an object or person is, use the verb Estar:
— Estoy en casa. - I'm home.
— What do you think? -Where is the book?
— La oficina está al lado del café. – The office is located next to the cafe.
— ¿Dónde estás ahora? -Where are you now?
2. Temporary condition. When you describe the state of a person or thing at a given moment, use the verb Estar:
- Estoy cansado. - I'm tired.
— Estábamos enfermos. - We were sick.
— ¿Por qué estás nervioso? – Why are you nervous?
3. Action in the present moment. With Estar, you can emphasize that a certain action is happening now. For this purpose, the Estar and .
- Estamos bailando. - We are dancing now.
— ¿Con quién estás hablando? – Who are you talking to now?
— Están trabajando. - They are working now.
4. Temperature. When you want to say how many degrees it is outside, use Estar in the plural and first person (we) and the preposition a:
— Estamos a 28 grados hoy. – Today it’s 28 degrees.
5. Days and months. To give a date, use plural and the first person of Estar (we):
Let's look at examples of using Estar:
Julia: Entras y está el recibidor. El cuarto de baño está a la derecha. Uno de los dormitorios está al lado. El salón está en frente de la entrada. La cocina está al lado del comedor.
Julia: You walk in and there is a hallway. The bathroom is on the right. One of the bedrooms is nearby. The hall is located opposite the entrance. The kitchen is located next to the dining room.
La iglesia está en el centro. El teatro y el parque están a la derecha de la iglesia. Los bares y las tiendas están en la calle principal. Los hoteles están cerca de la playa.
The church stands in the center. The theater and park are located to the right of the church. Bars and shops line the main street. Hotels are located near the beach.
Difference between Ser and Estar
Note that SER and ESTAR completely change the meaning of a phrase when used with the same word. Let's look at a few examples:
es aburrido | he's boring | Está aburrido | he's bored |
es bueno | he's good | Está bueno | how delicious, how good! |
es cansado | he's boring | Está cansado | |
es grave | it is heavy (dangerous) | está grave | he is seriously ill now |
es listo | está listo | ||
es malo | he's bad | está malo | he doesn't feel well |
es orgulloso | he is proud | Está orgulloso | he's proud now |
es moreno | he's dark-skinned | está moreno | he's tanned |
es palido | he's pale | está palido | he turned pale |
es pesado | it's heavy | Está pesado | he talks boringly |
es rico | he's rich | está rico | it's delicious |
es seguro | it's safe | está seguro | he's sure |
es verde | it's green | está verde | he's immature |
es viejo | he's old | está viejo | looks old and shabby |
es vivo | está vivo |
Exercises
Do some exercises to practice what you have learned.
Now our task is to describe not only all kinds of objects around us, but also people in different faces. We can say The door is white, The houses are tall, but so far we lack a small amount of knowledge to make sentences such as You are tall, We are Spanish, You are smart. Knowledge of personal pronouns covered in the last topic will also not be enough for this. You can't just attach a pronoun to an adjective and say Tú alto or nosotros españoles - that would be a big mistake. In this case, you must use the verb to be - Ser.
Note: While in Russian we don’t say I am Russian, you are beautiful, in Spanish the verb ser (to be) must be present.
However, when composing sentences, it is necessary to conjugate this verb correctly, that is, put it in the necessary forms, since the verb ser is modified in different persons.
Here are examples of correct sentences in different persons:
Yo soy ruso - I'm Russian
Tú eres español - You are Spanish
Nosotros somos amigos - We are friends
As can be seen from the examples, the verb ser has absolutely different shapes in every face. Each form must be remembered well and be able to apply correctly. Below we present a table with the conjugation of the verb ser, which you need to know by heart.
yo — soy
tú — eres
el — es
ella — es
usted — es
nosotros/as — somos
vosotros/as — sois
ellos — son
ellas — son -
ustedes — son
Yo soy José - I'm Jose
Tu eres medico - You are a doctor
Él es americano - He is an American
Ella es americana - She is American
Usted es profesor - You are a teacher
Nosotros somos españoles - We are Spaniards
Vosotros sois estudiantes - You are students
Ellos son amigos - They are friends
Ellas son amigas - They are friends
Ustedes son muy amables - You are very kind
As you can see, the forms are well known to us from previous lessons. es And son are nothing more than a verb ser.
Say it yourself in Spanish:
I'm tall
We are Spanish
You are beautiful
He's smart
They are good
Are you a teacher?
You are friends (vosotros)
She's Russian
Note: sometimes in writing the pronoun usted can be abbreviated as Vd. , and ustedes - Vds, respectively.
A very important feature of the Spanish language that distinguishes it from other languages is that often personal pronouns are simply omitted, while verb forms indicate the person.
In other words, the expression Yo soy Jose can be shortened to Soy Jose. And instead Tú eres medico can be heard very often Eres medico. Such sentences will be translated into Russian in the same way. In many cases, such forms will even be more preferable, since the Spaniards themselves do not really like to abuse personal pronouns.
Soy italiano- I am Italian
Somos amigos- We are friends
Es guapo- He's handsome
Son atentos— They are attentive
Shorten the following sentences yourself:
Usted es medicine
Tú eres joven
Yo soy princess
Ellos son malos
Questions and denials
Interrogative and negative sentences are built according to the principle already known to us. In direct questions, we either leave the direct word order or put the verb first.
¿Usted es medicine? — ¿Es usted medicine?
Ella es profesora? — ¿Es ella profesora?
When the word order is reversed, the pronoun can be placed at the end; its position in the sentence does not play a big role: ¿Es profesora ella?
The situation is even simpler with abbreviated sentences. Their word order will not differ from the affirmative.
Eres Marcos — ¿Eres Marcos?
Sois turistas o españoles — ¿Sois turistas o españoles?
Ask questions to the following sentences:
Él es inteligente
Usted es italiano
Eres profesora
Ellas son amigas
In negatives, as we remember, the particle no must always be placed immediately before the verb:
Yo soy estudiante — Yo no soy estudiante
Nosotros somos camareros — Nosotros no somos camareros
Put the sentences in negative form:
Ella es Maria
Soy ruso
Vosotros sois futbolistas
Somos americanos
Usted es medicine
Practice the conjugation of the verb ser in practice exercises and be able to use it in your Spanish speech.
Palabras nuevas
New words
Along with grammar, don't forget to fill up your vocabulary new spanish words
amable- kind
princesa- princess
moreno- dark-skinned
rico- rich
padres— parents
simpatico- Cute
americano— American
italiano— Italian
aleman- German
ingles- Englishman
frances- French
turista- tourist
camarero- waiter
abogado- advocate
arquitecto- architect
piloto— pilot
ingeniero- engineer
futbolista- football player
Ejercicios
Exercises
Ejercicio 1
Fill in the blanks by putting the verb Ser in the correct form
1. Yo... inteligente.
2. Nosotros... italianos.
3. Los padres de Julia... ricos.
4. El capitán… viejo.
5. Paco y yo...jovenes.
6. ¿El señor y usted… amigos?
7. Ana... camarera.
8. Pablo y tú…muy guapos.
9. Señora doctora, usted … muy amable.
10. Tú y yo…estudiantes de español.
Ejercicio 2
Translate sentences from Russian into Spanish
1. I'm a student
2. Are you a Spanish teacher?
3. We are Spanish
4. We are Spanish
5. You are waiters (vosotros)
6. Elena is tall and dark
7. Federico and I are friends
8. These gentlemen are Americans
9. Senor Rodriguez, you are very kind
10. Are they Germans?
Ejercicio 3
Ask direct questions to the following sentences, imagining that you are talking to a Spaniard. That is, in some cases you need to change your face. Remember that personal pronouns are often omitted in Spanish
(Ellos) son americanos – ¿Son (ellos) americanos?
1. Soy español – ¿…?
2. Angela es médica – ¿…?
3. Carlos y Sandra son camareros – ¿...?
4. Somos arquitectos – ¿…?
5. Julia y tú sois amigos – ¿…?
6. Señor González: Soy bastante viejo.
Carlos: ¿...?
7. Eres muy inteligente – ¿…?
Ejercicio 4
Put the sentences in negative form
Soy ingeniero – No soy ingeniero
1. Julia es abogada – ...
2. Somos ingleses – ...
3. Sois amigos – ...
4. Mi papá y mamá son jovenes – ...
5. Usted es profesor de español –…
6. Juan y tú sois pilotos – ...
7. Ustedes son franceses – ...
8. Soy Javier –…
Ejercicio 5
Put the sentences into plural
Tú eres profesor – Vosotros sois profesores
1. Soy español –…
2. Él es muy simpático – …
3. Ella es peluquera – ...
4. ¿Eres estudiante de español? – …
5. Usted es una persona importante – …
Ejercicio 6
Imagine that you are talking to a Spaniard. Answer his questions
¿Eres Carlos? – Sí, soy Carlos
1. ¿Es María morena? – Sí, ...
2. ¿Sois ingenieros? – Sí, ...
3. Son pequeños los niños? – Sí, ...
4. ¿Es usted taxista? - No,...
5. ¿Son ustedes abogados? - No,...
6. ¿Somos tú y yo amigos? – Sí, ...
Verb ser to be, to be used:
1. to identify a person or thing:
- ¿Quién es este muchacho? - Es mi hijo. - Who is this young man? - This is my son.
- What is it? - Es mi coche nuevo. - What is this? - This is my new car.
2. to indicate nationality, religion, affiliation with a party:
- Antonio es Mexicano. - Antonio is Mexican.
- Maria es católica. - Maria is a Catholic.
- ¿Es usted socialista? - No, no soy socialista, soy comunista. - Are you a socialist? - No, I'm not a socialist, I'm a communist.
3. to describe appearance (always with an adjective):
- Maria es alta y delgada. - Maria is tall and slender.
- Todos sus amigos son muy simpáticos. - All his friends are very nice.
4. For description of shapes and colors:
- Es una mesa cuadrada. Es de color marron. - This table is square. It is brown in color.
- Mi coche es azul y el tuyo es rojo. - My car is blue and yours is red.
5. to indicate a profession:
- Soy traductora. - I am a translator.
- Juan es abogado. - Juan is a lawyer.
- Estas muchachas son enfermeras. - These girls are nurses.
6. to indicate the days of the week and the hour:
- What do you think? - Hoy es lune. - What day is it today? - Today is Monday.
- ¿Qué hora es? - Son las dos y media. - What time is it? - It's half past two.
7. to indicate the number of persons present or the presence of objects:
- Somos seis personas en la habitación. - There are six of us in the room.
- Son dos televisores. - These are two TVs.
8. To indicate the price:
- ¿Cuánto es? - Cien euros. - What is the price? - One hundred euros.
9. to indicate ownership, origin, material (with the preposition de):
- ¿De quién son estas gafas? - Son de mi abuela. - Whose glasses are these? - These are my grandmother's glasses.
- Antonio es de Mexico. - Antonio from Mexico.
- ¿Es usted de Madrid? - No, no soy de Madrid, soy de Barcelona. - Are you originally from Madrid? - No, I'm not from Madrid, I'm from Barcelona.
- En este palacio las escaleras son de mármol. - This palace has marble stairs.
10. in meaning happen, take place (tener lugar, ocurrir):
- La conference es en la Universidad. - The conference will take place at the university.
- El partido de fútbol es el sábado. - The football match will take place on Saturday.
11. verb ser serves to form the passive (passive) voice (see “Passive voice"):
- Gaudí es conocido por sus obras maestras de la arquitectura. - Gaudi is famous for his architectural masterpieces.
Verb estar (to be, to be)
Verb estar to be, to be used:
1. to indicate the place where an object or person is located:
- El antiguo edificio de la Universidad está en el centro de Moscú. - The old university building is located in the center of Moscow.
- Pedro está ahora en el colegio. - Pedro is now in college.
2. to indicate presence or absence:
- ¿Está el jefe? - Sí, está en su despacho. - Is the boss at home? - Yes, he is in his office.
- María no está, llame, por favor, dentro de una hora. - Maria is not here, please call in an hour.
3. to describe the state, well-being:
- ¿Cómo está usted? - Gracias, bien, ¿y usted? - How are you doing? - Thank you, good, what about you?
- Hoy estoy mal. - Today I don't feel well.
4. to indicate marital status:
- Sus hijos ya están casados. - Her sons are already married.
- Juan está soltero, tiene sólo veinte años. - Juan is not yet married, he is only twenty years old.
5. to indicate the date:
- ¿A cuántos estamos hoy? - Estamos a treinta de enero. - What date is today? - Today is January 30th.
6. in paraphrase with the gerund form indicates a long-term action:
- José y yo estamos aprendiendo inglés. - Jose and I are studying English.
- La camarera está limpiando las habitaciones. - The maid cleans the rooms.
Verbs ser and estar with adjectives and participles
Verbs ser And estar often used with adjectives and participles.
Verb ser, when used with an adjective or participle, conveys a permanent quality of an object or person:
- Tu madre es nerviosa. - Your mom is nervous.(character trait)
- La tierra es seca. - The ground is dry.(always dry)
Verb estar, when used with an adjective or participle, conveys a temporary state or quality that can change:
- Tu madre está nerviosa. - Your mom is nervous.(at the moment)
- La tierra está seca. - The ground is dry.(no rain)
But in combinations
- ser feliz, dichoso be happy
- Ser infeliz, desgraciado be unhappy,
where states that may be temporary are expressed, verb estar not used:
- Soy feliz, me ha tocado la loteria. - I'm happy, I won the lottery.
Some adjectives or participles change their meaning depending on their use with verbs ser or estar:
| ser bueno be kind | estar bueno be healthy |
| ser malo be angry | estar malo be sick |
| ser borracho be a drunk | estar borracho be drunk |
| ser callado be secretive | estar callado be silent |
| ser cerrado be withdrawn | estar cerrado be closed(about the door) |
| ser abiero be frank | estar abierto be open |
| ser cansado be annoying | estar cansado be tired |
| ser listo be smart | estar listo be ready |
| ser verde be green | estar verde be immature |
| ser vivo be smart | estar vivo be alive(not dead) |
| ser loco be crazy | estar loco be angry |
| serrico be rich | estar rico be tasty |
| ser muerto be boring | estar muerto be dead |
| ser despierto be lively | estar despierto don't sleep |
- Juan es muy callado, nunca habla de su vida personal. - Juan is very secretive and never talks about his personal life.
- Estás muy callado hoy, ¿qué te pasa? - You are very silent today. What's wrong with you?
- Es una muchacha muy lista, habla tres idiomas extranjeros. - This is a very smart girl, she speaks three foreign languages.
- Tenemos que salir, ya es tarde, ¿estás listo? - It's late, it's time for us to go out. Are you ready?
- En verano todos los árboles son verdes. - In summer all the trees are green.
- No comas esas manzanas, están verdes. - Don't eat these apples, they are unripe.
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Now our task is to describe not only all kinds of objects around us, but also people in different faces. We can say The door is white, The houses are tall, but so far we lack a small amount of knowledge to make sentences such as You are tall, We are Spanish, You are smart. Knowledge of personal pronouns covered in the last topic will also not be enough for this. You can't just attach a pronoun to an adjective and say Tú alto or nosotros españoles - that would be a big mistake. In this case, you must use the verb to be - Ser.
Note: While in Russian we don’t say I am Russian, you are beautiful, in Spanish the verb ser (to be) must be present.
However, when composing sentences, it is necessary to conjugate this verb correctly, that is, put it in the necessary forms, since the verb ser is modified in different persons.
Here are examples of correct sentences in different persons:
Yo soy ruso - I'm Russian
Tú eres español - You are Spanish
Nosotros somos amigos - We are friends
As can be seen from the examples, the verb ser has completely different forms in each person. Each form must be remembered well and be able to apply correctly. Below we present a table with the conjugation of the verb ser, which you need to know by heart.
yo — soy
tú — eres
el — es
ella — es
usted — es
nosotros/as — somos
vosotros/as — sois
ellos — son
ellas — son -
ustedes — son
Yo soy José - I'm Jose
Tu eres medico - You are a doctor
Él es americano - He is an American
Ella es americana - She is American
Usted es profesor - You are a teacher
Nosotros somos españoles - We are Spaniards
Vosotros sois estudiantes - You are students
Ellos son amigos - They are friends
Ellas son amigas - They are friends
Ustedes son muy amables - You are very kind
As you can see, the forms are well known to us from previous lessons. es And son are nothing more than a verb ser.
Say it yourself in Spanish:
I'm tall
We are Spanish
You are beautiful
He's smart
They are good
Are you a teacher?
You are friends (vosotros)
She's Russian
Note: sometimes in writing the pronoun usted can be abbreviated as Vd. , and ustedes - Vds, respectively.
A very important feature of the Spanish language that distinguishes it from other languages is that often personal pronouns are simply omitted, while verb forms indicate the person.
In other words, the expression Yo soy Jose can be shortened to Soy Jose. And instead Tú eres medico can be heard very often Eres medico. Such sentences will be translated into Russian in the same way. In many cases, such forms will even be more preferable, since the Spaniards themselves do not really like to abuse personal pronouns.
Soy italiano- I am Italian
Somos amigos- We are friends
Es guapo- He's handsome
Son atentos— They are attentive
Shorten the following sentences yourself:
Usted es medicine
Tú eres joven
Yo soy princess
Ellos son malos
Questions and denials
Interrogative and negative sentences are built according to the principle already known to us. In direct questions, we either leave the direct word order or put the verb first.
¿Usted es medicine? — ¿Es usted medicine?
Ella es profesora? — ¿Es ella profesora?
When the word order is reversed, the pronoun can be placed at the end; its position in the sentence does not play a big role: ¿Es profesora ella?
The situation is even simpler with abbreviated sentences. Their word order will not differ from the affirmative.
Eres Marcos — ¿Eres Marcos?
Sois turistas o españoles — ¿Sois turistas o españoles?
Ask questions to the following sentences:
Él es inteligente
Usted es italiano
Eres profesora
Ellas son amigas
In negatives, as we remember, the particle no must always be placed immediately before the verb:
Yo soy estudiante — Yo no soy estudiante
Nosotros somos camareros — Nosotros no somos camareros
Put the sentences in negative form:
Ella es Maria
Soy ruso
Vosotros sois futbolistas
Somos americanos
Usted es medicine
Practice the conjugation of the verb ser in practice exercises and be able to use it in your Spanish speech.
Palabras nuevas
New words
Along with grammar, don't forget to expand your vocabulary with new Spanish words
amable- kind
princesa- princess
moreno- dark-skinned
rico- rich
padres— parents
simpatico- Cute
americano— American
italiano— Italian
aleman- German
ingles- Englishman
frances- French
turista- tourist
camarero- waiter
abogado- advocate
arquitecto- architect
piloto— pilot
ingeniero- engineer
futbolista- football player
Ejercicios
Exercises
Ejercicio 1
Fill in the blanks by putting the verb Ser in the correct form
1. Yo... inteligente.
2. Nosotros... italianos.
3. Los padres de Julia... ricos.
4. El capitán… viejo.
5. Paco y yo...jovenes.
6. ¿El señor y usted… amigos?
7. Ana... camarera.
8. Pablo y tú…muy guapos.
9. Señora doctora, usted … muy amable.
10. Tú y yo…estudiantes de español.
Ejercicio 2
Translate sentences from Russian into Spanish
1. I'm a student
2. Are you a Spanish teacher?
3. We are Spanish
4. We are Spanish
5. You are waiters (vosotros)
6. Elena is tall and dark
7. Federico and I are friends
8. These gentlemen are Americans
9. Senor Rodriguez, you are very kind
10. Are they Germans?
Ejercicio 3
Ask direct questions to the following sentences, imagining that you are talking to a Spaniard. That is, in some cases you need to change your face. Remember that personal pronouns are often omitted in Spanish
(Ellos) son americanos – ¿Son (ellos) americanos?
1. Soy español – ¿…?
2. Angela es médica – ¿…?
3. Carlos y Sandra son camareros – ¿...?
4. Somos arquitectos – ¿…?
5. Julia y tú sois amigos – ¿…?
6. Señor González: Soy bastante viejo.
Carlos: ¿...?
7. Eres muy inteligente – ¿…?
Ejercicio 4
Put the sentences in negative form
Soy ingeniero – No soy ingeniero
1. Julia es abogada – ...
2. Somos ingleses – ...
3. Sois amigos – ...
4. Mi papá y mamá son jovenes – ...
5. Usted es profesor de español –…
6. Juan y tú sois pilotos – ...
7. Ustedes son franceses – ...
8. Soy Javier –…
Ejercicio 5
Put the sentences into plural
Tú eres profesor – Vosotros sois profesores
1. Soy español –…
2. Él es muy simpático – …
3. Ella es peluquera – ...
4. ¿Eres estudiante de español? – …
5. Usted es una persona importante – …
Ejercicio 6
Imagine that you are talking to a Spaniard. Answer his questions
¿Eres Carlos? – Sí, soy Carlos
1. ¿Es María morena? – Sí, ...
2. ¿Sois ingenieros? – Sí, ...
3. Son pequeños los niños? – Sí, ...
4. ¿Es usted taxista? - No,...
5. ¿Son ustedes abogados? - No,...
6. ¿Somos tú y yo amigos? – Sí, ...
