Heating installation diagram for a country house. Heating a country house. Geothermal heat pump

Organizing a heating system in a private home is not an easy task. This work cannot be done without professional specialists in this field.

However, they can be involved at different stages of the work. Hired workers can complete the entire heating work or do only a specific stage of the work. You can also seek advice from specialists.

Regardless of whether you do the heating work yourself or hire workers, you definitely need to know all the stages and nuances of the process. Let's look at how to organize home heating with your own hands.

Heating system elements

In country houses it is better to do water heating. This method is considered traditional. Heat is supplied to the house using a coolant, which can be heated by various energy carriers.

Such a system includes the following components:

• heating system devices;
• heat source;
• pipeline network.

If you do not have the time and opportunity to handle heating yourself, then contact the GWDE Engineering Company. Specialists in the installation of engineering systems will perform their work efficiently and will provide a guarantee for up to 7 years.

Full work is impossible without such equipment as:

• expansion tank;
• buffer capacity;
• circulation pump;
• distribution manifold;
• automation devices;
• hydraulic separator;
• heating boiler.

It is important that for a water heating system a mandatory element of equipment is expansion tank. Everything else is installed if required.

Heating boiler

Today it is not difficult to select and buy a heating boiler. There is a wide range on the market various models. They differ from each other only in the type of fuel used, as well as the energy carrier.

For private homes, the following types of devices can be used:

• gas;
• liquid fuel;
• solid fuel;
• electric.

Heating scheme in a private house

At this stage, it is better to seek help from professionals. They will draw up the correct scheme. Since making a heating circuit is not easy.

There are two types of heating:

• Single-pipe, in which all radiators are connected to one collector.
• Double-pipe, in which two pipes are involved. One goes to supply, and the second to return heat.

Two-pipe heating, among experts, is considered the most reliable system. At the same time, the costs are much lower than for the single-pipe type.

Heating installation

Before starting work, you need to decide on the location where the boiler will be located. If its power is not higher than 60 kW, then it can be placed in the kitchen space.

In other cases, you need to prepare a separate room, which should be well ventilated. It is also necessary to make a chimney through which combustion products will escape.

Let's look at the photo of the heating of the house and see how the boiler connection system is arranged.

Purchase and installation of pipes

There is a wide range of heating pipes on the market. Each owner chooses the type of pipes as desired. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the material from which they are made.

Pay attention!

Types of pipes

• Copper, great option. They are resistant to any changes in pressure and temperature.
• Steel ones are chosen quite rarely. Since they are susceptible to metal corrosion, which shortens their service life.
• Polypropylene pipes must be reinforced with foil. This way they will last much longer than conventional pipes. Polypropylene heating of a private house is the cheapest way.
• Stainless steel is a very different option. However, it is a reliable, durable material.
• Metal-plastic ones are suitable for those who have decided to install a heating system for the first time.
• Polyethylene pipes are inexpensive, and their installation is very simple.

Selection of radiators

Manufacturers offer a wide selection of different heating devices. First of all, you need to pay attention to the type of material, and then to their appearance.

Battery types:

• Cast iron batteries have high heat output. But their cost is very high. And if you take Soviet-style models, their appearance will not decorate your home.
• Bimetallic ones have a table frame inside. This type of device is used in apartment buildings.
• Steel batteries are among the cheapest, with a service life of 20 years.
• Aluminum ones are good because you can automatically regulate the heat supply.

It is important, when making a choice in favor of a certain type of device, take into account its features.

Of course, the process of organizing a heating system is very labor-intensive. However, if you understand all the intricacies, you can make heating yourself.

But, if this is still a difficult job for you, then it is better to hire specialists. And basic knowledge will help you control the entire installation process.

Photo of home heating with your own hands

Pay attention!

Pay attention!

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Installation and adjustment of a heating system is always positioned as a rather complex job that requires special knowledge and skills. However, this is not entirely true. Using modern materials and fittings, you can install an individual heating system for a country house with your own hands without any problems.

Schematic diagram of the heating system

An individual heating system for a country house consists of a boiler, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, heating radiators and pipes connecting all these elements. Water is used as a coolant if the heating system operates throughout the entire heating season (a country house for permanent residence), or antifreeze if the heating system is turned off for long periods during the heating season (a country house or a country house for periodic residence).

Fig.1.

The operating principle of an individual heating system is as follows. The boiler heats the coolant and, under the action of the circulation pump, the coolant moves through the pipes and heating devices. When heated, the coolant increases in volume, the expansion tank compensates for this, protecting the heating system from excess pressure and possible pipe ruptures.

Selecting a heating system scheme

Heating system diagrams are methods for laying heating pipes and connecting heating radiators to them. The configuration (balancing) of the heating system, flow rate and laying of heating pipes depend on the type of heating system diagram.

There are three circuit diagrams heating systems: single-pipe (Leningradka), two-pipe and radiant.

Fig.2.

Fig.3.

Fig.4.

Single-pipe heating system diagram(Fig. 2.) is one pipe to which heating radiators are connected. The pipe is laid around the perimeter of the house and connected to the heating boiler. In this scheme, the pipe flow is minimal. The disadvantage is that each subsequent heating radiator will heat worse than the previous one, and it is very difficult to evenly redistribute heat between them.

Two-pipe heating system(Fig. 3.) is a system of two pipes, one supply and the other return. Heating radiators are connected to the supply and return. It turns out that the radiators are connected in parallel and the heat is distributed evenly across them. This scheme is easy to adjust, so it is used most often.

Beam scheme(Fig. 4.) differs from the two-pipe one in the independent connection of heating radiators. Distribution manifolds are used for this purpose. In this case, it becomes possible to individually configure each heating device, which has a positive effect on heating savings. According to this scheme, a water heated floor is connected. The disadvantage is the high consumption of heating pipes.

Pipes for heating system

In an individual heating system for a country house, the coolant temperature does not exceed 90 degrees, so all types of pipes can be used. However, polypropylene pipes are most often preferred. Here's why:

• Polypropylene pipes are reliable, durable and not subject to corrosion and contamination.
• The cost of fittings is not high compared to metal-plastic pipes, and when installing a heating system, a lot of fittings will be required.
• All connections of polypropylene pipes are made by welding, which ensures high reliability and no need to periodically check the connections. Therefore, they can be safely placed in the wall or under the floor.
• Welding polypropylene pipes is simple and anyone can master it. The cost of the welding machine is low.

The procedure for welding polypropylene pipes is as follows:

• The welding machine heats up to 260-270 degrees.
• The pipe and fitting are simultaneously placed on the corresponding nozzles.
• Exposure time is 5-7 seconds. This time is necessary to melt the surface layer of the pipe and fitting.
• Connect the pipe and fitting. The welding layer is approximately 10 mm.
• After cooling for 30 - 60 seconds, the connection is ready for use.

When wiring a heating system around the house, a pipe with a diameter of 25-32 mm is usually used, and a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm is used to connect heating radiators.

Fig.5.

For heating systems, it is advisable to use a special reinforced pipe. Such pipes practically do not change their dimensions when heated, and, therefore, are not required large quantity compensatory bends.

Selection and connection of heating radiators

Heating radiators can be cast iron, aluminum and steel. Aluminum heating radiators are the most popular. These are lightweight radiators and easy to install. They have a pleasant appearance. Aluminum radiators have low thermal inertia and allow you to quickly adjust the required temperature in the room.

Calculation of radiators by power can be approximately performed using the following formula: 1 kW of thermal power is required to heat 10 sq.m. room area. Thus, with an average thermal power of one section of 150 W for heating 10 sq.m. A radiator with 7 sections is required.

Heating radiators can be connected in various ways. The choice of method for connecting heating radiators is carried out based on the convenience of the location of heating pipes and shut-off and control valves. When choosing a connection method, you should take into account possible heat loss.

Fig.6.

Heating radiators must be equipped with shut-off and control valves and an air vent. Shut-off valves allow you to configure the heating device to the desired operating mode. The air vent removes air from the system.

Installation of water heated floor

Water heated floors are the best heating device for any home. The main advantage of a heated floor is that it evenly distributes heat over the entire area of ​​the room.

Installation of water heated floors is carried out according to the radial scheme. To install heated floors, distribution manifolds are used; with their help, the heated floor is connected to the heating system, and its temperature regime is also adjusted.

Fig.7.

A special pipe is used to install heated floors. Depending on the length of the line, a pipe with a diameter of 10 -20 mm is used.

An important feature of installing a heated floor is its correct styling along the outer walls. When installing a heated floor, the greatest heat flow must be ensured near the external walls and the smallest near the interior partitions.

Fig.8.

A screed is laid on a fully installed heated floor. After which the floor is ready for finishing. Any floor covering can be laid on warm water floors.

Selecting a heating boiler

Heating boilers can be different in configuration and type of fuel used. Gas-fired heating boilers are most often used, so further we will talk about boilers of this type.

An approximate calculation of the boiler power is performed using the formula: for heating 10 sq.m. The premises require a thermal power of 1 kW. This formula is valid for a well-insulated house and a ceiling height in the room of approximately 2.7 m.

For the convenience of choosing a gas heating boiler, it is convenient to divide the entire range into two categories according to the type of combustion chamber and the number of circuits.

Gas heating boilers can have an open or closed combustion chamber. An open combustion chamber assumes that the boiler uses air from the room to operate, and exhaust gases are removed naturally through the chimney. Boilers with a closed combustion chamber are supplied with air through a built-in fan through a coaxial chimney, and combustion products are removed through it.

Fig.9.

Boilers with an open combustion chamber It is advisable to install it in a separate room (boiler room) with good ventilation. Also for this type of boiler it is necessary to install a chimney, which should rise above the ridge of the roof of the house. Typically this category includes powerful floor-standing boilers designed for heating large areas.

Boilers with a closed combustion chamber can be installed anywhere in the house, often they are installed in the kitchen. For boilers of this type, a coaxial chimney is used, which is vented to the street through the wall of the house where the boiler is installed.

Fig. 10.

A heating boiler can work not only to heat the coolant, but also to provide the house with hot water. For small house It is convenient to use a boiler with two circuits, the so-called double-circuit boiler. In boilers of this type, one circuit provides heating and the other provides hot water supply.

Fig. 11.

If more than 3 people live in the house and analysis hot water large, then a double-circuit boiler is unlikely to cope with the task. In this case, an indirect heating boiler is used to organize hot water supply.

Fig. 12.

An indirect heating boiler is a sealed barrel with an internal heat exchanger through which water from the heating system circulates and thereby heats water for the water supply system.

Circulation pump and expansion tank

In a closed individual heating system of a country house, a circulation pump must be installed. It ensures pumping of coolant through the heating system.

When choosing a circulation pump, you should pay attention to performance and pressure. Performance shows the volume of pumped coolant, pressure is the ability to overcome the hydraulic resistance of the heating system.

Performance determined by the formula:

where Q is productivity, P is the thermal power of the heating boiler, dt is the difference in supply and return temperatures (traditionally taken 20 degrees).

Pressure:

where N is the number of floors including the basement, K is the average coefficient of hydraulic resistance of the heating system (for two-pipe system heating 0.7-1.1, for collector-beam 1.16-1.85).

An expansion tank is necessary to compensate for the expansion of the coolant caused by heating. The expansion tank is a container divided into two parts by an elastic membrane. On one side of the membrane there is coolant, on the other there is air. As the coolant expands, the membrane bends, increasing the volume of the heating system and reducing the pressure.

The volume of the expansion tank is approximately determined as 5% of the volume of the heating system.

The circulation pump and expansion tank are installed on the return line in front of the heating boiler inlet (see Fig. 1), where the coolant temperature is the lowest, which significantly extends the service life of these elements of the heating system.

If the house area is not large and the heating system is not very extensive, then it is advisable to purchase a heating boiler with a built-in expansion tank and circulation pump. Such a boiler will ensure complete autonomy of the heating system of a country house.

Individual heating system for a two-story house

Quite often, a country house has 2-3 floors; in this case, the heating system has not one branch, but several. In this case, the wiring can be done vertically or horizontally.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 15.

Vertical scheme(Fig. 13) is a system of vertical risers through which coolant circulates through heating devices. This scheme is advisable if the house has a significant area. Bypasses and shut-off valves must be installed on all heating devices.

Horizontal scheme(Fig. 14) is a floor-by-floor layout. It assumes the presence of one riser through which coolant is supplied and discharged to each floor. For country houses with a small area, this is the most appropriate and least expensive scheme, both in terms of materials and complexity of installation.

Radial floor wiring(Fig. 15) is more expensive to install than a two-pipe horizontal one. The advantage of this scheme is the precise adjustment of heating devices, and as a consequence the possibility of reducing heating costs.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 17.

Quite often combined heating schemes are made (Fig. 16). On the first floor, heated floors are used as heating devices, and on the second and subsequent floors, heating radiators are used. In this case, a horizontal wiring diagram is used. Moreover, on the first floor there is a beam circuit, and on the second there is a two-pipe circuit.

Hot water preparation circuits are also built into the overall heating scheme. A complete diagram of the heating and hot water supply system is presented in Figure 17.

The considered schemes and principles of organizing heating allow you to make a heating system with your own hands in any country house. Of course, different schemes will require different costs for both materials and installation. However, the heating system will be in use for many years, and it must be reliable and easy to manage. Thus, unnecessary costs will be more than recouped during the operation of the system.

If the owners plan to use the dacha in winter, then they will have to think about how it will be heated. In order to wisely choose heating options for your dacha, options for which you can spy on the Internet, you need to consider some of them and determine which one is most suitable for a particular home.

If previously there were only two options available for use in suburban conditions - a wood-burning stove or electric heaters, provided that electricity was supplied to the dacha, today the choice of heating methods country house ik is much wider.

In addition, every owner of a country house, who has a little imagination and certain knowledge, can independently figure out how to economically and efficiently heat a home using one or more methods, combining them with each other. Perhaps a consideration of the heating systems below will help someone make a choice from ready-made solutions or even design their own innovative option.

First, you need to decide what functions heating devices should perform, since sometimes simply heating rooms in a summer cottage is not enough.

• The main criterion, naturally, should be efficient heating of the house, maintaining a comfortable temperature in the premises in any weather.
• For comfortable living, it is advisable to consider heating the bathhouse (if there is one) or heating water for the shower.
• Cooking and boiling water for food needs - brewing coffee, tea, etc.
• Drying wet clothes and shoes, which is especially important in inclement autumn or winter weather.
• Drying vegetables and fruits for the winter.

Having highlighted those functions that you would like to have in combination with, you can move on to considering its various options.

Heating system powered by a boiler

It is advisable to install a heating system that uses a coolant heated in a boiler and supplied to radiators for heat exchange in a dacha if it is used for housing all year round. At the same time, you need to remember that very often you will have to go through all the authorities to obtain permission, draw up and approve a system installation plan, so you immediately need to estimate the cost of not only purchasing all the necessary equipment for installation, but also completing the documentation.

From a convenience point of view, best option- heating using a boiler

Selecting a heating boiler

The choice of heating device depends on several factors:

• Availability of the necessary source of fuel or energy carrier on the site. For example, if gas supply is connected to the dacha, then the most optimal will choose a gas-powered unit. In addition, boilers are produced that can operate on electricity or on solid or liquid fuel, as well as mixed-type heating devices, in which, if necessary, the energy carrier can be replaced by one another.
• The area of ​​the heated premises, that is, it is necessary to determine the required power of the unit. To do this, calculate the amount of thermal energy required to heat 10 m² of a house. This parameter, of course, largely depends on how insulated the building that is planned to be heated is, and with high-quality thermal insulation, you can start from the proportion of 1 kW of energy per 10 m², with an average ceiling height of up to 3 m.

If the country house has thin walls without thermal insulation, then heat will not linger in the house for a long time which type of heating and not with Which boiler power. The funds spent on the purchase and installation of all elements of the system, as well as on energy resources, will simply be thrown away.

• Availability of space for installation of equipment, since some boilers necessarily require technical specifications a separate room or a reliable base.

In specialized stores you can find for sale not only floor-standing heating boilers, but also wall-mounted ones, which are small in size.

Typically compact wall options do not have excessively high power, but if country house small and well insulated, it is possible to choose such a boiler with suitable parameters.

Floor-standing boilers have massive shapes and are quite heavy. For them, it is necessary to prepare a special solid platform or even make an extension to the house in which the boiler room will be located.

• Any boiler (except electric) requires a chimney. Its specific structure and parameters will depend on what fuel the unit runs on and what its power is.
• Its price will largely depend on the type and power of the heating installation.

It is worth considering in more detail the positive and negative aspects of units operating from different energy sources. First - about the obvious merits :

• A boiler running on natural gas is quite economical, has high power and is reliable in operation.
• Solid fuel boilers do not require additional connection to the gas mains or to the power supply system (if they are not equipped with electronic automation). Solid fuel is much more accessible in many regions of the country by price, compared with electricity and gas. In addition to the fact that in such boilers it is often possible to use various types fuels - coal, firewood, peat briquettes, pellets.
• They have a relatively low cost, are compact in size, and are also easy to install and do not require special intervention during operation. (more details about the features of electric boilers can be found in the hotel publication of the portal).

Now let's walk through shortcomings various units:

• To the obvious “disadvantages” of the installation gas system heating involves an expensive procedure that requires numerous approvals for drawing up a plan and directly connecting the gas supply. In addition, not every dacha village has a gas pipeline yet.
• A boiler running on diesel fuel requires a large volume of it. And although diesel fuel has a relatively affordable price, a problem can be created by the lack of capacity to store at least a minimum reserve. In addition, the fuel itself has a specific odor, which intensifies when it burns. Another big disadvantage of such units is the strong noise during operation, so you cannot do without an additional separate room for an oil-fuel boiler.

A modern diesel boiler cannot operate without consuming electricity (albeit minimal), which means that if there are frequent interruptions, then you need to consider a backup uninterruptible power supply.

• A solid fuel boiler needs to be loaded fairly frequently, and fuel reserves require an appropriate location and conditions.
• An electric boiler (with the exception of induction ones) is not very durable, and, naturally, is completely dependent on the availability of electricity. Unfortunately, in holiday villages, complete power outages or surges with large voltage amplitudes are not at all uncommon. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to have an alternative, not electric heating option, which will inevitably entail additional costs.

For ease of perception, a table is provided that summarizes some distinctive features various types of heating installations:

Characteristics	Room heating method
	Gas boiler	Liquid fuel boiler	Electric boiler	Geothermal heat pump
Equipment cost (price)	average	average	low	high
Boiler room area for installation of equipment in sq. m	6	6	3	6
Energy source	Natural gas	Diesel fuel	Electric current	Electric current and heat of earth, water, air
Energy costs	average	big	very large	The heat of the earth is unlimited and free, electricity costs for equipment operation are minimal
Service life	15-20 years	15-20 years	5-8 years	Up to 50 years old
Fire hazard of the boiler during its operation	dangerous (constant fire)	dangerous (constant fire)	dangerous due to the possibility of shorting the wiring	safe
Explosion hazard	dangerous	dangerous	safe	safe
Level of environmental hazard during operation	harmful, emits CO and NOx	harmful, emits CO and NOx	harmless	harmless
Ventilation	necessary	necessary	not needed	not needed
Service	regular inspection	regular inspection	inspection if necessary	inspection if necessary
Reliability	high	high	high	very high
Autonomy in the absence of energy supply		backup power supply required	doesn't work	works with a backup electric generator of 6 kW
Possibility of room cooling	does not provide	does not provide	does not provide	provides

Combination boiler

It is worth saying a few words about the combined type of boiler that can, if necessary, switch from one fuel to another.

The options here can be different: “wood - gas”, “wood - electricity”, “liquid fuel - electricity” and others. This can be very convenient - if, for example, the power goes out, then the boiler can be continued to be heated, say, with wood or peat briquettes, or switched to diesel fuel. Sometimes combination boilers have special replaceable or built-in burners and are equipped with a hob, which can be simply irreplaceable in country conditions. Therefore, it is often the combination boiler that becomes the best option for a country house, provided that the place for it is properly prepared.

Any of the modern combined boilers has an automatic system that monitors the health of the unit, the fuel supply and controls its operation. For example, if it burns out and the temperature in the heating circuit drops below the set value, electric heating is activated.

Hot water supply

At the dacha, you also cannot do without hot water - if you live there permanently, then it is simply necessary for daily hygienic needs. Of course, in the summer you can use a summer shower, where the water is completely heated by the sun’s heat, but in the winter this option is not suitable. If you don’t want to heat water on a hob the old fashioned way, then it is best to install a double-circuit boiler when installing heating, which will not only provide space heating, but will also supply hot water for a variety of needs.

You can use another option - this is a single-circuit boiler with an indirect heating boiler attached to it. In this case, a pump is built into the system, since the force of natural circulation of the coolant will not be enough. This option requires quite a lot of space to install all the necessary elements, so it will be necessary to allocate a room for this purpose or make a small one.

In any case, if you decide to use a boiler for heating, you need to carefully consider all the nuances, and when purchasing it, carefully study the characteristics and clarify unclear information from the sales consultant.

Video: recommendations for using boilers in the country

Geothermal heat pump

In the above comparative table The far right column is occupied by the characteristics of the heat pump. There is currently a lot of talk about it as an alternative source of thermal energy. Since this heating method is not as popular and well-known as heating from a boiler, it is worth devoting a few lines to it.

A geothermal heat pump is a system for creating a microclimate in a house, which operates from the heat of the earth.

At its core, it is a kind of air conditioner with two circuits - an evaporator and a condenser. In winter it works as a source of heat, and in summer it produces coolness. The process occurs due to the difference in soil temperature at different depths, and to increase the efficiency or reduce the costs of the cooling and heating system, a geothermal pump can be used in conjunction with heating a house using solar energy.

The operation of geothermal heat pumps is based on thermal inertia, since the temperature of the earth at a depth below 6 m is approximately the same as the average annual air temperature in the region, and it practically does not change regardless of the season.

In addition, there are similar systems that can use the thermal energy of air or water.

• "Earth-Water" - the most common type of heat pump that extracts heat from the ground using a coolant circulating through pipes buried in the ground, and then, after conversion, transfers it to heating devices .

• "Water-to-water" - this type of pump receives heat from water, in which case the primary heat exchanger is immersed in a natural body of water, or a deep well is drilled for the probe, reaching groundwater .

• “Air-to-air” - a heat pump operating on this principle receives energy from the air. This option does not require excavation, drilling wells or the presence of a nearby body of water. The energy is obtained using a probe block that uses the temperature amplitude of the surrounding air. All the main elements of such a system are located inside the building, which eliminates the risk of damage. .

Cost-effectiveness of a geothermal heating system

A home heating system with help will justify the cost of its installation only after a few decades. It cannot operate on its own and will require electrical energy to keep it functioning. So, for production of 10 kW T heat energy, the heat pump will need to consume 2.5 ÷ 3 kW of electricity, that is, the net gain will be in the region of 7 ÷ 7.5 kW, which, in principle, is not so small. However, if you look at this issue from the point of view of payment, then it turns out to be not much cheaper than when operating a conventional electric boiler, but the material costs of installing these devices are simply incomparable. In addition, to install a heat pump system, you need do a tremendous job, and the electric boiler is connected quickly and easily.

If in the village where the country house is located there are frequent power outages, to operate the geothermal heating system it is necessary to provide a backup power source - a generator running on a different type of fuel with a power of about 6 kW. The purchase and permanent installation of such a power unit will also lead to considerable costs.

To sum it up, we can say that this method of heating a house is without a doubt environmentally friendly and has a very bright future. But its current economy must still be questioned. Therefore, before taking on such a business, it is worth making careful calculations and soberly assessing the profitability of such an undertaking.

Infrared heating of the cottage

This type of space heating is based on the use of special infrared emitters or infrared film as a heat generator. This method of heating a house can be used both as the main and as an auxiliary one, in combination with other types of heating.

The principle of operation is that the heater transmits radiation thermal energy in the infrared range (similar to thermal energy the sun) to all surrounding interior elements, as well as the floor and walls, and they, in turn, heating up, conduct extensive heat exchange with the air.

It should be immediately noted that this type of heating of a country house will be effective only if all elements of the building - the ceiling, walls, floor, windows and doors - are well insulated. If this condition is met, then heating using infrared radiation will achieve the following results:

• Create a comfortable microclimate, that is, temperature and humidity in the premises corresponding to the normal well-being of residents.
• Ensure the most favorable temperature distribution across the height of the room.
• Preserve clean air, since with this method there is no intense air circulation, horizontal convection currents, especially along the floor, which always carry a lot of dust with them.

Infrared heaters

This type of heaters is fixed on the ceiling, high up 2.3 ÷ 3.5 m, usually in the center of the room. The main thing to consider is that the residents of the house are not constantly located directly under them, that is, they should not be hung above a bed, dining or desk, children's play area, etc.

Infrared film

In addition to heaters with infrared radiation, special film elements can be used to heat a country house, which are placed both on the ceiling and on the walls and floors.

Another option is film IR emitters

The film can be placed under various decorative coatings. So, on the floor it can be parquet or linoleum, carpet or laminate, on the walls - ceramic tiles or wooden lining, on the ceiling - plasterboard slabs or the same lining.

However, there are some limitations. For example, you cannot install infrared film on the ceiling; you plan to decorate it with fabric. It is incompatible with suspended ceilings, PVC panels or materials containing metal (for example, foil).

Advantages and disadvantages of infrared heating

This type of home heating has its positive and negative sides. You need to know about them before choosing this particular option for installation in your dacha.

Advantages of IR heating

The “advantages” of using infrared heating include the following:

• Providing heating of the room in a short time after turning on the system, since surfaces quickly heat up and give off heat to the air.
• The heat obtained in this way does not dry out the air at all, so the rooms maintain the required level of humidity.
• The system does not make any noise when operating.
• The temperature in the room can be maintained at the desired level by very accurately setting the desired temperature using a thermostat.
• The infrared system is not afraid of voltage surges, which often happens in holiday villages.
• Installing the film is quite simple and quick, so you can easily handle this work yourself.

• The system does not require preservation for the winter - it only needs to be turned off from the network. When you arrive at your dacha in winter or early spring, you can be sure that the house will not be cold at night. All you have to do is plug in the system and literally within half an hour the house will have an acceptable temperature.
• In addition, if such a need arises, the film can be easily dismantled and moved for installation in another room or building.
• The system is easy to operate and does not require service.
• Durability operation - manufacturers guarantee that with proper installation such elements will last for several decades.

Negative qualities

It would seem that after so many advantages, you can not even pay attention to the negative aspects, since they should be completely insignificant. However, unfortunately, this is not entirely true.

The “disadvantages” of infrared heating include:

• If electricity is often cut off in a holiday village, then an infrared heating system alone will not be enough. In this case, it is necessary to additionally have an option that operates on a different type of energy.
• This type of heating is not as economical as manufacturers advertise it. For example, for 1 m² of area, depending on the quality of insulation and the height of the ceilings of the room, you may need from 5 to 20 W, and for a house with an area of ​​100 m², at least 700 kW will be required per month. Therefore, before purchasing and installing film, you need to make careful calculations of your real capabilities.

If the reader would like to find out more detailed information about calculations and installation, this can be done by following the recommended link to a special publication on this topic.

Stove heating

Stove heating can be called the most reliable. It is widely used both as the main type of heating at home and as an auxiliary one. The stove does not require connecting mains for energy - the owner of the home must take care of the fuel in advance. If a supply of firewood or coal is prepared on time, warmth in the house will be ensured. If there is no electricity supply at the dacha, the stove will not only heat the house, but also “feed” the whole family, as it often allows you to cook lunch or dinner, heat water and even bake bread.

The traditional way of heating a dacha is a stove

Depending on from Given the area specified for the stove, you can select the appropriate model, size of the stove and the material of its manufacture.

You can build a traditional brick stove - it may well have compact dimensions and an aesthetic design. Or you can purchase a ready-made version made of cast iron with or without stone trim.

In addition, both brick and can have several options for their functionality:

• A heating system that will only warm the house.
• Heating and cooking option with hob, an oven and even a hot water tank, which allows you not only to cook food, but also to satisfy your needs for hot water.
• A fireplace stove, which can be either simply heating or have a stove and oven, and at the same time create a very special coziness in the room.

"Pros" and "cons" of stove heating

If you decide to choose this particular option for heating a country house, you need to familiarize yourself with the negative and positive aspects of using stoves

Advantages of stove heating:

• Complete autonomy and independence of the system from external factors.
• Affordable fuel price. If in the area summer cottage If there is a forest or forest plantation, then during the summer you can make a supply of firewood from fallen trees and dry branches - in this case, you will get fuel for nothing.
• The profitability of this type of heating is undeniable, since it will cost several times less than a boiler running on gas, electricity, or diesel fuel.
• If the oven is well maintained, it is always ready for use. In the case where the cottage is mainly used only in the summer, there will be no problems with freezing of the equipment, since the stove will not be affected by low winter temperatures.
• The ability to cook food and heat water are functions that are always necessary in suburban conditions, and which are not inherent in all heating systems.
• If you choose a cast iron unit, it will not take up much space, and the site itself is not will require T ore-intensive preparation, since this version of the furnace is not as massive as one built from brick.

• It is quite possible to install a cast iron stove yourself.

Negative points in using stove heating:

• Stove heating requires constant monitoring during its operation, as well as periodic, fairly frequent loading of fuel.
• A cast iron stove without a water circuit will not be able to heat more than one room.
• The efficiency of stove heating is significantly lower than when heating a house with a boiler. If the average efficiency of even not the most “sophisticated” devices reaches 80%, then for stoves it is only 50 ÷ 60%.
• Any stove requires periodic maintenance, more frequent than a boiler, since to create good draft, on which the efficiency of its operation depends, annual monitoring of the chimney and its regular cleaning are needed.
• There is no need to build a separate room for the stove, but if you choose a brick stove, it will take up quite a lot of space. Although you can get out of this situation by placing it between rooms, by building it into the wall.
• It will be quite difficult to build a brick oven yourself, since this requires special knowledge, skills and dexterity in work.

You can learn more about it from a special article on the portal.

Video: a very original option for heating a dacha from one stove

If the publication helped the reader at least preliminary decide on the choice of heating system for the dacha, then that’s great. But don’t rush to leave the pages of our portal! Go to the section - there are detailed explanations and practical guides for calculations and installation for each type. Without a doubt, everyone will be able to find the best option for themselves.

Owning a country house is not only joyful, but also troublesome. Especially if you live there permanently or your visits are not limited to a couple of times a season. To make such housing a real “fortress”, you need to invest a lot of money, physical and mental strength into it. Usually the most global and sensitive issue when arranging a country house is the selection and installation of a heating system. The comfort of staying in your “native land” and the joy of using a lovingly erected structure directly depend on its competent solution. Heating a country house can be organized in various ways, each of which has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Which, naturally, you need to be well aware of if you set out to install an effective system that best suits your needs and capabilities.

Comparison of systems by energy carrier type

The most popular types of heating for a country house are:

• oven;
• gas;
• diesel;
• electrical;
• solid fuel.

Also, homeowners are increasingly interested in progressive methods of generating heat - using and.

Option #1 - stove heating

The stove, despite its impressive size, is a good source of heat in the house and a worthy decoration for a classic interior.

The walls of the stove take a long time to heat up and take a long time to cool down, which means that it will not be possible to quickly change the temperature in the home, especially upward, even if you want to. When installing stove heating in your home, you should be prepared for the fact that you will always have to languish in anticipation of the “first portion” of heat.

A working stove requires constant “monitoring” due to the risk of backdraft and burns for children. The operation of the structure cannot be automated in any way, which does not add any pleasure to its operation.

As practice shows, if there is a real opportunity and desire to install a more practical and efficient system, it is better to abandon stove heating.

Option #2 - gas heating

One of the most convenient and cost-effective ways to heat a country house is a heating system based on. Naturally, if main gas is connected to the house. Otherwise, an attempt to arrange it can hit your pocket so hard that there will be no talk of any payback for the system.

Gasification of a residential property is a procedure that requires not only enormous financial, but also time costs. Collecting all the necessary documents can take months. Of course, you can relieve yourself of the headache of paperwork by contacting a special service, but then the already considerable amount for gasification is guaranteed to double - such offices do not work for a “thank you”. And this is just a tap into the pipe. And if you take into account the cost of a decent boiler and all other elements of the heating system, then it is obvious that the idea of gas heating threatens the homeowner with complete bankruptcy.

As an option, you can resort to autonomous gasification - install an underground gas holder to store imported gas or use cylinders. But such a pleasure cannot be called budget-friendly.

Pay attention! Operating a gas tank if its installation is not of sufficient quality is extremely dangerous and harmful: damage to the tank can cause a gas leak.

The installation of a control and distribution point (KRP) contributes to increasing the safety level of the heating system of a country house based on a gas holder and regulating the pressure in it.

For the lucky owners of country houses connected to a gas pipeline, heating their home with a gas boiler is a wise decision, since this equipment has many advantages, in particular, environmental friendliness, economy and high efficiency.

The main disadvantage of any heating system that draws thermal energy from natural gas is the high risk of explosion and fire. Natural gas is easily ignited by any spark, even with the slightest leak. Therefore, all necessary commissioning and commissioning work must be carried out exclusively by authorized persons in order to avoid unfortunate incidents. equipment is required. And you shouldn’t perceive such “professional examinations” as a money grab – thanks to them, you can prevent a lot of problems.

Option #3 - heating with diesel fuel

Heating a country house with diesel fuel is a fairly common practice for many, including highly developed countries. This solution, according to experts, is an excellent alternative gas heating. True, you can only consider it if you have a considerable budget. The diesel boiler itself is quite expensive, and this is just the tip of the iceberg: you still need to equip the boiler room, resolve the issue of fuel storage, install the system, and organize a good ventilation system. As a result, a tidy sum accumulates. But if there is no way to connect to the gas mains, and the house really needs constant high-quality heating and the funds allow, then diesel heating is really a good option. It is effective and safe.

A house served by a diesel installation can be safely left on for a long time unattended; It is enough to visit the boiler room itself once a quarter.

To ensure that the liquid fuel boiler works “like a clock”, diesel fuel must be of exceptional quality. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase it only from trusted suppliers.

Problems with fuel usually do not arise - diesel fuel can be delivered even to a populated area remote from civilization. But it is better to choose tanks for diesel fuel that are as large as possible - they will have to be filled less often.

Option #4 - electric heating system

If you are looking for the simplest way to heat a country house, you can turn your attention to. It does not require large initial financial investments, is environmentally friendly, silent, easy to operate, and does not require special maintenance. But this is on the one hand. On the other hand, it cannot be called economical, and this option is not suitable for every building. Housing with an area of ​​more than 100 sq. m constantly heating with electricity is not profitable, and a house with insufficient wiring power is unsafe.

And heating with electricity is the most expensive heating method of all existing ones. Therefore, it should still be considered either as an additional measure or as a compromise solution for occasional use (for example, if you visit your “country property” infrequently).

You can organize additional heating in a country house using electric convectors - compact, reliable and easy-to-maintain devices

For basic heating of the house at permanent residence Electric heating is a completely impractical choice. The minimal cost of installing a heating system at the base is a very dubious benefit against the backdrop of fabulous operational waste.

Option #5 - solid fuel boiler

If electricity is considered the most expensive source of heat, then, of course, there is one that can be called the cheapest. And this is solid fuel. No, you don’t need to imagine the stoves right away. After all, they exist - they allow you to significantly save on heating and at the same time not feel like you are in the “Stone Age”.

Modern solid fuel heating equipment has good efficiency, safety, environmental friendliness and durability. These units are characterized by a “reasonable” cost, which makes them an affordable solution for any person with average income.

Yes, most solid fuel boilers require manual loading of fuel (firewood, wood waste, eurowood, coal, peat briquettes), but this in no way detracts from their advantages:

• opportunities to obtain heat thanks to environmentally friendly renewable resources;
• minimal operating costs;
• extremely rare need for repair or replacement of system elements.

If the need to frequently service a solid fuel boiler (depending on the type of unit - up to several times a day) does not scare you, you can safely equip a heating system in a country house based on it.

Depending on the type of fuel used, there are solid fuel boilers coal-fired, wood-fired, pellet and multi-fuel

It is worth mentioning separately about this relatively new type of solid fuel heating equipment How . Their main advantage over their “brothers” is maximum automation of the work process. Pellet boilers have the ability to program operating modes and maintain a given temperature.

Such units are equipped with a special pellet burner, which provides higher efficiency than other solid fuel boilers; they are comparable in efficiency to devices running on natural gas. Fuel supply from the operational bunker is carried out automatically. As long as there are pellets in the bunker, the pellet boiler can operate quietly without human intervention (usually up to a week).

The heating system of a country house with wood pellets guarantees complete explosion and fire safety. It does not require any professional special maintenance (as is the case with gas installations). This is a great choice in many ways.

Interesting! If desired, you can modify a regular universal solid fuel boiler for pellets. True, its effectiveness will not be as high as that of the “original”.

Option #6 - alternative energy sources

We live in a time when the use of natural energy sources - the sun, earth, air and water - no longer seems exotic. Traditional types of fuel are inexorably becoming more expensive, and this, willy-nilly, prompts us to pay attention to alternative solutions for organizing heating. In particular, on solar collectors and heat pumps. True, such developments are only affordable for very wealthy people. Heating and hot water system for a country house with an area of ​​about 150 square meters. m based on an alternative source will cost the owner at least 600 thousand rubles. In addition, given our harsh climate and other realities, we must objectively admit that it is impossible to use either heat pumps or solar collectors as the main (and only) source of heat.

Heat pumps are progressive devices that allow the use of thermal energy from air, water and soil for heating and air conditioning a house and preparing hot water.

You can try to “touch progress” only if you are also ready to spend money on one of traditional types heating. By the way, one can ultimately derive considerable benefits from the harmonious “tandem” of alternative and traditional energy sources. But the initial investments in a “promising future” are required to be colossal.

Additional Selection Considerations

Coolant - water or air?

Based on the type of coolant for country houses, water heating is usually chosen, but they often stop at.

Air heating is an excellent additional measure for country houses with panoramic glazing. It is capable of creating powerful thermal curtains

Unfortunately, this solution also has many disadvantages, including:

• complexity and high cost of installation;
• the need to design and install the system exclusively at the stage of building a house;
• “incompatibility” with thick stone walls;
• enormous difficulties in making changes to an already completed system.

Air heating is an expensive pleasure in any case. It only makes sense to install one when constructing a building with a large number of hollow partition walls. As an independent system, it is rather weak, except for mild climates.

Therefore, water heating in most cases is a more rational choice.

Energy dependence is an important point

Deciding on heating system, it is very important to decide what you want to see it like - volatile or not.

The coolant (gravity) is independent of electricity. This is its main and probably only advantage. The gravity system has much more disadvantages - this is the need to install large-diameter pipes, which often violate the aesthetics of the interior, and a small “radius of action” (houses with an area of ​​no more than 150 sq. m), and the inability to automatically regulate its operation.

When making calculations, you should never ignore the presence of a basement, attic, type of windows, and it is also very important to take into account the material from which the house is built. Each of these factors makes its own “adjustments” to the general formula. It is always advisable to add 20-30% of the “reserve” to the result obtained. There definitely won’t be any excess power reserve, but it will allow the equipment to work as successfully as possible and not at the peak of its capabilities.