In 2014, famous Hollywood director Ridley Scott made the film Exodus: Kings and Gods. The roles of the ancient Egyptians in the film were played by light-skinned actors. This fact caused a storm of indignation among people who believed that the distant ancestors of modern Egyptians were dark-skinned. Who's right? Unfortunately, even scientists who have been studying the civilization of Ancient Egypt for decades will not give you an exact answer to this question. But there are facts that can help us figure out the answer to this riddle.

Herodotus

Herodotus called the descendants of the Egyptians dark-skinned

The famous ancient Greek historian Herodotus was one of the first people to indirectly shed light on the question of the appearance of the ancient Egyptians. More than 100 years before the conquest of Egypt by the commander Alexander the Great, Herodotus wrote that the inhabitants of Colchis (a historical region located along the eastern shores of the Black Sea, occupying the Colchis Lowland and nearby areas) had Egyptian roots. Their skin was dark and their hair was thick and curly. In addition, representatives of both ethnic groups practiced circumcision and made cloth in a similar way.

Herodotus's terse description sparked endless debate. The most controversial words weremelanchroes (“dark or black skin”) andandoulotriches (“curly or kinky locks”). Some scholars argue that the word melanchroes meant any person whose skin was darker than that of the Greeks. In addition, Herodotus wrote that the appearance of the inhabitants of Colchis “cannot prove anything, because representatives of other nations also had similar features.” What did he mean? Perhaps it was the fact that the inhabitants of this region were not very different in appearance from other Asians?

Ramesses II

DNA analysis of the remains of Ramesses II showed that the pharaoh had red hair

In the 19th century, pro-slavery advocates began to argue that the ancestors of modern Egyptians were so advanced only because they were of Caucasian origin. They suggested that the rulers and priests in ancient Egypt had white skin, and their slaves were dark-skinned. At the same time, Afrocentric historians assured everyone of the African origin of ancient Egyptian civilization. In their opinion, the ancient Egyptians were representatives of the Negroid race. The truth is most likely somewhere in the middle.

This is interesting: In 1881, the mummy of Ramesses II (an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled around the 13th century BC) was discovered. Almost 100 years passed before French researchers decided to study it in detail. The results of the tests showed that the pharaoh had red hair. Is it worth reminding that dark-skinned Africans do not have this hair color? It is believed that Ramesses II had Libyan roots. If so, then he was light-skinned.

Tutankhamun

Did Tutankhamun have Scandinavian roots?

Modern depictions of one of the most famous ancient Egyptian pharaohs, Tutankhamun, are causing serious controversy among scholars.

This is interesting: Tutankhamun became the ruler of Egypt at the age of 9. This happened around 1330 BC.

Many Afrocentric scholars believe that the portrayal of Pharaoh Tutankhamun as white-skinned is racist and inaccurate. But passions grew even more intense when modern Egyptian scientists deciphered the genetic code of Tutankhamun.

Despite the fact that the researchers who analyzed Tutankhamun's DNA did not provide any information regarding his race, representatives of various neo-Nazi organizations began to claim that Tutankhamun had light skin. Moreover, according to them, the pharaoh was of Scandinavian origin.

At the same time, the Egyptian government was recently accused of hiding information that Tutankhamun was in fact a Jew. And who to believe?

Kmt

When the Nile flooded, deserts turned into oases rich in black soil

The inhabitants of Ancient Egypt called their stateKmt (pronounced "Kemet"), meaning "black". But why did the Egyptians use such a name? Some scholars believe that the expression "land of black people" was meant. Others claim that it was related to the “black land”.

Modern linguists are inclined to the second option. According to them, the annual floods of the Nile turned the dry desert area into a blooming oasis, rich in fertile black soil. The black soils contrasted with the sand-covered lands that the Egyptians called dsrt (translated as “red earth”).

Cleopatra's mother

Cleopatra could have been dark-skinned

Egyptologists believe that Cleopatra had Greco-Macedonian roots. But it is not known for certain who Cleopatra’s mother was and where she was from.

Historians claim that for political reasons, the great ancient Egyptian queen ordered the death of her half-sister (who probably had the same father as Cleopatra, but a different mother) Arsinoe IV.

It is known that Arsinoe was half African. Consequently, Cleopatra's mother, like the queen herself, could also be of African origin. In the nineties of the last century, archaeologists announced that they had found the tomb of Arsinoe IV. Unfortunately, DNA analysis of the skeleton found in it turned out to be useless.

The classics prefer not to discuss Cleopatra’s race at all. They believe that we should appreciate only her great deeds, without paying attention to such insignificant things as skin color or origin.

Egyptian art

Ancient Egyptians depicted themselves with brown, red or black skin

The ancient Egyptian temples that have survived to this day contain statues, papyri, numerous wall paintings and other artifacts that allow us to get a more or less complete picture of how their creators saw themselves.

The ancient Egyptians depicted their contemporaries with skin of different colors - from light brown to red, yellow or black. Moreover, men's skin was usually darker than women's. This difference was most likely due to the fact that representatives of the stronger sex most of spent time working on the street. Unfortunately, the works of art created by representatives of the ancient Egyptian civilization were not particularly realistic. It is quite possible that the skin color of the people depicted in the drawings had a symbolic character.

For example, the image of people with red faces or hair meant that they were under the power of the god Set, the lord of the desert. Some researchers suggest that the Egyptians, when creating their works, may have deliberately depicted themselves with reddish or copper skin in order to distinguish themselves from the inhabitants of Sudan, the Nubians, who have black skin in the drawings.

Great Sphinx

The Sphinx has the facial features of a Negroid human

The Great Sphinx statue in Giza was built approximately 2.5 thousand years BC. Many Egyptologists believe that the face of the Sphinx belongs to Pharaoh Khafre, but there is no absolute certainty about this.

In 1780, the historian François Volney, after visiting Giza, wrote that the Sphinx “has facial features characteristic of the Negroid race.” In other words, the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt were dark-skinned. But modern scientists dispute this assumption, arguing that it is almost impossible to solve the riddle of ethnicity from the face of the statue. The fact is that over several thousand years rains, wind, heat and other weather phenomena have greatly damaged appearance Sphinx.

This did not stop forensic expert Frank Domingo from taking measurements of the Sphinx’s face in the early nineties of the last century and, based on the data obtained, concluding that it definitely does not belong to Pharaoh Khafre. According to Domingo, the statue most likely depicts a person belonging to the Negroid race.

New race

Archaeologists allow us to learn more and more about the ancient Egyptians

At the end of the 19th century, the British scientist William Matthew Flinders Petrie became seriously interested in ancient Egyptian artifacts.

This is interesting: Petrie made a significant contribution to Egyptology, because he was the first to discover the prehistoric culture that preceded Ancient Egypt.

But many of the other ideas William put forward were quite controversial. For example, he argued that the civilization of early Egypt resulted from the invasion of a “New Race” that managed to conquer a “decadent prehistoric civilization.” The scientist argued that Egyptian artifacts from the prehistoric period have nothing in common with their later counterparts. That is, the “New Race” probably destroyed or expelled the entire population of prehistoric Egypt to other territories. Petrie suggested that members of the "New Race" might have been of Libyan or Persian origin.

Eastern Desert

The ancestors of the Egyptians could have been nomads from the Eastern Desert

In 2002, Egyptologist Toby Wilkinson presented to the public the results of a study of rock art discovered in the so-called Eastern Desert (the Sahara region stretching from the Red Sea to the Nile Valley). Cave paintings dating back to around 4000 BC show a typical Nile River valley with boats, fishermen, crocodiles, hippos, etc. Similar images are also found in later paintings dating back to the dynastic period of Egyptian history. These similarities led Wilkinson to suggest that the ancient Egyptians came from the Eastern Desert.

The scientist is sure that their ancestors were semi-nomadic pastoralists who moved between the banks of rivers and the arid territories of the Eastern Desert. It covered the lands of modern Egypt, eastern Sudan and Ethiopia. This is interesting: A 2006 study of almost a thousand ancient Egyptian skeletons showed that their teeth were the same regardless of the age of the remains. Representatives of modern peoples of the North African region have the same jaw structure. The teeth of Europeans and inhabitants of the Middle East are radically different from those studied.

The study team's author, Joel Irish, suggested that the ancient Egyptians were of mixed ancestry (they had Nilotic, Levantine, Libyan and other roots). According to Irish, the mixing of peoples occurred long before the dynastic period - the “Golden Age” of Ancient Egypt.

As you can see, even reputable scientists, armed modern equipment, cannot agree on what the ancient Egyptians looked like. But is this mystery really that important? Maybe we should just be proud of the legacy left by the ancient Egyptian civilization and not ask unnecessary questions?

Egypt is the name given to the country located in the Nile Valley by the Greeks. The people who inhabited this country called it Keni, which means “black land.” The word “black” refers to the color of the fertile black soil, and not at all to the color of the skin of its inhabitants. The ancient Egyptians were not blacks. Negroid features appeared in the appearance of the Egyptians later, when they began to mix with African tribes. Ancient Egypt was a country practically isolated from other inhabited lands. In the north there is the sea, in the east there is a wide desert strip, sand, stones and bare rocky mountains, and behind them is the sea again. In the west, a bare rocky ridge stretches along the valley, separating the country from the vast Libyan Desert - the present-day Sahara. The Egyptians felt safe in their valley - the Nile Valley, and treated their river with love and gratitude, as the giver of all earthly blessings and even life itself.
The most sacred animal for them was the bull Hapi - the personification of the Nile. After all, in Egyptian the Nile is called Hapi. He lived in Memphis in a luxurious building adjacent to the temple. The priests looked after him carefully. After his death, Khapi was embalmed and kept in a special tomb where his predecessors were buried. But only the earthly well-being of people depended on Hapi-Nil. And the Egyptians were no less, if not more, concerned about the posthumous existence. Hope for the coming revival was given to them by the sun, dying every evening in the west and every morning being born in the east.
The supreme deity was the sun god Amon in his various incarnations. The temple of Luxor, which was built one and a half thousand years before the birth of Christ under the pharaohs Amenhotep III and Ramses II, is dedicated to the god Amon, his wife Mu and his son Homs. Millennia passed, and early Christians, and after them Muslims, used the temple for their worship. In front of the temple, an obelisk has been preserved, telling about the glorious deeds of Pharaoh Thutmose I. There were two such obelisks. The second was transported to Paris during Napoleon's Egyptian campaign. Several years ago, terrorists bombed the Luxor Temple. As a result, people died. But this does not deter visitors.
The three-kilometer avenue of sphinxes connected the Luxor Temple with Karnak. The temple at Karnak was built during the Middle Kingdom, and each subsequent pharaoh sought to improve it, although not always successfully. The buildings changed their appearance, the inscriptions were erased and rewritten. Not far from here stand two giant statues depicting Pharaoh Amenhotep III. The ancient Greeks called them the colossi of Memnon. When the goddess of dawn Eos appeared on the horizon, her abandoned son Memnon began to moan and complain, and the sounds of his voice, in which there was nothing human, touched everyone who heard them to the depths of their souls. Subsequently, Septimius Severus ordered the upper part of the statue to be restored using sandstone slabs. And then the sound disappeared. There is still no clear enough explanation for this strange phenomenon. But there is no doubt about its former existence. However, there is such a hypothesis: each statue was dotted with thousands of slits, located in a certain way, taking into account the terrain and the angle of incidence of the sun's rays. The stone, which had cooled overnight, heated up and vibrated at dawn. Thanks to these cracks, vibration turned into sound.

Ancient Egypt can be called a tomb rather than a land of living people. The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus says this: “They call the dwellings of living people inns, because their stay in them is short. On the contrary, they call tombs eternal dwellings, because they settle there forever. That is why they care little about decorating their houses, while they spare nothing for the splendor of their tombs."

Egypt

Since time immemorial, the ancient Egyptian civilization has attracted the attention of mankind. In the 5th century BC The ancient Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt and left a detailed description of it. For the Greeks, Egypt is a land of wonders, the cradle of wisdom, the homeland of the most ancient gods. The word itself " Egypt"("riddle", "secret") Greek origin, the Egyptians called their country Kemet, which means “black land.”

pharaoh

All inhabitants of Ancient Egypt were subject to unlimited power pharaoh- this is how local rulers were traditionally called. The pharaoh was deified during his lifetime and bore the title “son of the Sun.” Its existence was subject to complex ceremonies, the pomp of which increased as Egypt expanded its possessions. The pharaoh declared war, made peace, received foreign ambassadors, received rich gifts and distributed rewards himself.

Nile Ra Apopa.

In the spiritual and practical life of ancient Egyptian society main role religion played. The ancient Egyptians deified the forces of nature, plants, animals, birds and worshiped many gods. Nile revered as the god Hapi, the giver of moisture and harvest. The Egyptians imagined the universe as the connection of the celestial Nile, where the solar god sails in a boat Ra, and the underground Nile, along which Ra returns, having defeated the forces of evil and darkness in the form of a serpent Apopa.

Osiris Isis

Osiris- the god of fertility, dying and resurrecting nature, was considered the fourth mythical king of Egypt. He happily ruled the country with his sister and wife Isis- goddess of fertility, water and wind. The god Osiris taught people to cultivate the land, plant gardens, build cities, and bake bread. After Osiris handed over the royal throne to the god Horus, his son, he retired to the kingdom of the dead, becoming a ruler and also a judge in the afterlife.

mummify

The most important place in the religion of Ancient Egypt was occupied by the funeral cult. The Egyptians believed that a person’s life continues after physical death, but only if his body remains incorrupt. This is how the custom arose mummify bodies of the dead, i.e. subject them to special treatment, thanks to which they are preserved for a very long time. According to the ideas of the ancient Egyptians, a person is endowed with several souls.

kingdom of the dead

It was religion that determined the features of ancient Egyptian art: mysterious, intimate, it was addressed not so much to the world of the living as to kingdom of the dead. The works of art hidden in the tombs were not intended to be viewed. They, as their creators believed, had a special magical power, helped the deceased on his journey to the world of eternity. It is no coincidence that the Egyptians themselves used the word “artist” to mean “creator of life.”

For many years, the names of ancient Egyptian masters remained unknown. Meanwhile, architects, sculptors and painters occupied a high position in society. They were proud of the works of their hands, the perfection of knowledge. In the art of Ancient Egypt, many classical architectural forms (pyramid, obelisk, column), new types of sculpture and painting appeared for the first time. The Egyptians achieved the highest skill in processing various materials.

hieroglyphs papyrus Book of the Dead

The ancient Egyptians considered the god Thor to be the creator of writing. The basis of ancient Egyptian writing was hieroglyphs– drawings-icons, each of which corresponded to a word or concept. The main writing material was made from papyrus- a tropical aquatic plant similar to a reed. During the New Kingdom, color drawings appeared on scrolls, as, for example, in “ Book of the Dead" The ancient Egyptian writing was deciphered in 1822 by the French Egyptologist Jean Francois Champollion.

Djoser

Pyramid of the outstanding military leader and founder of the III dynasty of the pharaoh Djoser(28th century BC) - the first giant architectural monument of Ancient Egypt. The 60-meter-high step pyramid, made of white limestone blocks, was erected by the architect Imhotep. The design of the Djoser pyramid (“the mother of the Egyptian pyramids”) reflects three basic principles for the construction of such structures - gigantic size, pyramidal shape, and the use of stone as a building material.

On the western bank of the Nile rise the grandiose pyramids of the pharaohs: Khufu (Greek: Cheops), Khafre (Greek: Khafre), Menkaure (Greek: Mikerin). The greatest of them, the Cheops Pyramid, was built in the 27th century. BC The pyramid (about 147 meters high, with a base side of 233 meters) is made of blocks of golden limestone weighing from two and a half to thirty tons.

Not far from the pyramids lies the famous Great Sphinx, 57 meters long and 20 meters high - an image of a lion with a human face carved out of the rock in its main part. Until the 19th century, only the head and shoulders of the sphinx were visible (due to sand and wind). But after excavations, scientists discovered the mighty lion’s body and the sphinx’s clawed paws extended forward. His wide, high-cheekboned face is impenetrable and stern, his eyes are turned to the east. The Arabs called the Great Sphinx the Father of Terror, but this statue evokes a sense of calm strength rather than fear.

The huge role of Ancient Egypt in the history of world culture is undeniable. The German writer Thomas Mann said that Ancient Egypt “is a spiritually, elusively distant past.” However, ancient Egyptian art also gives a completely different feeling: as if a colossal gap of centuries is being smoothed out, the past seems to be approaching modern man, it seems that the ancients anticipated and knew much of what people, having lost over the centuries, sought to rediscover.

Introduction

Since time immemorial, the ancient Egyptian civilization has attracted the attention of mankind. Egypt, like no other ancient civilization, creates the impression of eternity and rare integrity. On the land of the country that is now called the Arab Republic of Egypt, in ancient times one of the most powerful and mysterious civilizations arose, which for centuries and millennia attracted the attention of contemporaries like a magnet.

At a time when the era of the Stone Age and primitive hunters still dominated in Europe and America, ancient Egyptian engineers built irrigation structures along the Great Nile, ancient Egyptian mathematicians calculated the square of the base and the angle of inclination of the Great Pyramids, ancient Egyptian architects erected grandiose temples, the grandeur of which was not can belittle time... The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the active development of international educational tourism in Egypt. The purpose of this course work- describe the culture of ancient Egypt. The history of Egypt goes back more than 6 thousand years. Unique monuments preserved on its territory ancient culture attract a huge number of tourists from all over the world every year. Grandiose pyramids and the Great Sphinx, majestic temples in Upper Egypt, many other architectural and historical masterpieces - all this still amazes the imagination of everyone who manages to get to know this amazing country. Today's Egypt is the largest Arab country located in northeast Africa.

Why is Egypt called Egypt?

So - ancient Egypt. Who among us has not heard the words since childhood: “Egypt”, “Egyptians”, “Egyptian hieroglyphs”, “Egyptian pyramids”, “ancient Egypt”. But the most surprising thing is that neither the ancient nor the modern inhabitants of Egypt called and do not call their homeland that way. In ancient Egypt, the inhabitants called their country “Black”, and themselves “people of the Black (land)”, after the color of the fertile soil of the low-lying Nile Valley. Even in ancient times, the peoples of the Arabian Peninsula, Western Asia and Mesopotamia, who came into contact with the Egyptians, gave Egypt their name: Misr - “Populated place, city”, since they were apparently struck by the population of Egypt and large number cities located close to each other. Modern Egyptians also call their country: Misr. Why do we, like many other European nations, use the word “Egypt”? This name comes from the ancient Greeks. It comes from the name of the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis - Hikupta. At the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, when the ancient Greeks began to penetrate into Egypt, the first of the most big cities, which they met was Memphis at the border of the Delta and the Nile Valley. The Greeks took its name (or rather, one of the names, since “Memphis” is also an Egyptian word) “Hikupta” or “Aiguptos” to designate the entire country. So our word “Egypt” is also very ancient, but it came to European languages ​​not directly from the Egyptian language, but from ancient Greek.

Lesson topic: "Ancient Egypt".

Lesson type: generalizations and systematization of knowledge.

Purpose and objectives of the lesson:

Summarize and systematize students’ knowledge on the topic “Ancient Egypt”, test students’ knowledge on this topic;

Teach to apply knowledge in practice, showing various creative abilities.

Develop the ability to respond orally and work in a team;

Cultivate an interest in learning, a desire to know more about the subject being studied

Test students' knowledge of basic terms, concepts and definitions on the topic.

Determine the level of knowledge of students:

The process of formation, flourishing and withering of Egyptian civilization;

Achievements of Egyptians in the economy, social structure, and culture;

Basic natural and climatic conditions.

Determine students' level of understanding:

The fact that the ancient Egyptians were “teachers of teachers” of many subsequent civilizations;

Also, the fact that the Egyptians created a centralized state, unique for its time, in which free people occupied the leading place in all spheres, emphasizes the leadership and regulatory role of the pharaoh.

Determine students' skill level:

Show on map geographical location state of Egypt.

Lesson equipment: map “Egypt and Mesopotamia until the middle of the 1st millennium BC.” e.", applications on the history of the ancient world for grade V, cards, crosswords, drawings, lesson presentation, computer

Form: non-standard lesson, game

Lesson structure:

I. Organizational moment.

Setting the lesson goal.

II. Generalization and systematization of knowledge on the topic “Ancient Egypt”.

Updating basic knowledge:

What topic have we finished studying? (Ancient Egypt)

Where and when did the Egyptian state emerge? (In North-East Africa, on the banks of the Nile from the first cataract to the Mediterranean Sea more than 5 thousand years ago, 3 thousand years ago the King of Southern Egypt subjugated Northern Egypt)

What were the phases of the economic year in Egypt? (In July, the Nile begins to flood; in November, the Nile, sowing and harvest growth November–March; April, May harvesting, and in June repair of canals

Why did the inhabitants of Ancient Egypt call themselves inhabitants of the “Black Land”? (the ancient Egyptians called the fertile land "black earth")

Let's start the game "Secrets of Ancient Egypt"

The main task: collect all the keys that will help guess the name of the scientist who unraveled the ancient Egyptian writing. Letter and number keys are given after completing each task.

Task one Fill out the map. On the outline map, label the Nile River, the seas, the agricultural region and the capital of Ancient Egypt.

Task 2. The mystery of the ancient manuscript.

I, Pharaoh___________(Tutmas), who made the greatest conquests in ____(1500 BC). I conquered the country __________ (Nubia), there is a lot of gold in it. He also conquered the Sinai Peninsula, it is rich in _________ (copper ore deposits). And also __________(Palestine),__________(Syria),______(Phenicia) submitted to me

(For a correctly completed task, a key with a letter and a number)

Task 3. Blitz survey

1.What mythological creature was built next to the pyramids? (Sphinx)

2.Why were the pyramids built?

3.Which pharaoh’s pyramid is the tallest. When was it built? (Pyramid of Cheops around 2600 BC, height 150m).

4. Which pharaoh’s pyramid was found unlooted? (Pharaoh Tutankhamun)

(For a correctly completed task, a key with a letter and a number)

Task 4. Definition of concepts.

Servant of the gods in the temple -

Statue depicting a lion with the head of a man - sphinx

Task 5 Fun moment

We depict the splashing of fish.

Task 6 Historical monuments.

Connect historical monuments with the cultural sectors they represent

literature architecture painting sculpture

The Myth of Osiris

Great Sphinx

Paintings on the walls of the temple

Pyramid of Cheops

Temple of the god Amun-Ra

The Tale of Sinuhet

Hymn to the god Amun-Ra

Papyrus with songs of the Egyptians

Statuette of the goddess Bastet

Task 7: Correct mistakes

When I came to this country, I learned that the Egyptians were in great trouble. The Nile has not flooded for several years and has become fairly shallow. All other rivers in Egypt can be forded. I reached the largest of the pyramids, where Pharaoh Tutankhamun is buried. When I approached the pyramid, a downpour poured in, and I had to hide in an oak grove. When the rain stopped, I began to look for the entrance to the pyramid, but the Egyptians told me that the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun had long been plundered and not a single thing had been preserved... Stop making things up, - the narrator was interrupted, - you have never been to Ancient Egypt! There are many historical errors in your story.

Task 8: Crossword

1. Country governance system

7.The ancient capital of Egypt

8. Pharaoh who carried out campaigns of conquest in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC

9.Water lifting device

10. Sculpture of a lion with a human head

Results of the expedition

Put the keys in the correct sequence and read the name of the scientist

2 4 1 6 3 5 7

A PO SH O M L N

Champollion

Many have tried to unravel the mystery of the hieroglyphs. But the French scientist Champollion, who lived at the beginning of the last century, managed to do this. At that time, a large black stone covered with writing was found in Egypt. One inscription was made in hieroglyphs, and the other was in ancient Greek, a language well known to the scientist. The Greek inscription contains the names of Pharaoh Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra. And among the hieroglyphs, some signs were circled. The scientist suggested that these were royal names. The words “Ptolemy” and “Cleopatra” have common signs P, T, L - the signs in the two frames coincided. So Champollion proved that hieroglyphs are writing signs that can convey the sounds of speech.

Lesson summary

Which country did we travel to today?

What new have you learned?

Are you ready to try to become ancient Egyptian scribes?

Run the test.

Task one: Fill out the map. On the outline map, label the Nile River, the seas, the agricultural region and the capital of Ancient Egypt.

Task one: Fill out the map. On the outline map, label the Nile River, the seas, the agricultural region and the capital of Ancient Egypt.

Task 2: The mystery of the ancient manuscript.

I, Pharaoh ___________, who made the greatest conquests in ____. I conquered the country __________, there is a lot of gold in it. He also conquered the Sinai Peninsula, it is rich in _________. And also they submitted to me _____________,__________,___________.

Task 2: The mystery of the ancient manuscript.

I, Pharaoh ___________, who made the greatest conquests in ____. I conquered the country __________, there is a lot of gold in it. He also conquered the Sinai Peninsula, it is rich in _________. And also they submitted to me _____________,__________,___________.

Task 3: Blitz survey.

2.Why were the pyramids built?

5.What do scientists find in the tombs of the pharaohs?

6 What is a mummy? Why was it done?

(For a correctly completed task, a key with a letter and a number)

Task 3: Blitz survey.

1.What mythological creature was built next to the pyramids?

2.Why were the pyramids built?

3.Which pharaoh’s pyramid is the tallest. When was it built?

4. Which pharaoh's pyramid was found unlooted?

5.What do scientists find in the tombs of the pharaohs?

6 What is a mummy? Why was it done?

(For a correctly completed task, a key with a letter and a number)

Task 4: Definition of concepts.

Delta, pharaoh, Ra, hieroglyph, sarcophagus, bronze, shaduf.

Servant of the gods in the temple -

Tall reed in Egypt, from which writing material was made - papyrus

God Pharaoh, judge in the kingdom of the dead - Anubis

(For a correctly completed task, a key with a letter and a number)

Task 4: Definition of concepts.

Delta, pharaoh, Ra, hieroglyph, sarcophagus, bronze, shaduf.

Servant of the gods in the temple -

Statue depicting a lion with a human head - sphyx

Tall reed in Egypt, from which writing material was made - papyrus

God Pharaoh, judge in the kingdom of the dead - Anubis

(For a correctly completed task, a key with a letter and a number)

Task 5 Fun moment

“Let's revive the ancient Egyptian song of praise to the sun god, replacing some words with movements.

When you rise and ascend in the east, driving away the darkness, then the whole earth triumphs.

Flowers and plants in the fields come to life from your rays.

Birds fly from their nests and sing your praise.

Your radiance penetrates the depths of the waters, and fish splash on the surface of the river.

People wake up, raise their hands to you and get to work.

They stood up, hands up, stretched.

We make “flashlights” with our hands

Hands to the sides, depicting flapping of wings.

Extend your arms in front of you, with your hands

We depict the splashing of fish.

Hands up, stretched, hands down, sat down.

The Myth of Osiris

Great Sphinx

Paintings on the walls of the temple

Pyramid of Cheops

Temple of the god Amun - Ra

The Tale of Sinuhet

Hymn to the god Amon - Ra

Papyrus with songs of the Egyptians

Statuette of the goddess Bastet

Task 6: Historical monuments

Connect historical monuments with the cultural sectors they represent

literature architecture painting sculpture

The Myth of Osiris

Great Sphinx

Paintings on the walls of the temple

Pyramid of Cheops

Temple of the god Amun - Ra

The Tale of Sinuhet

Hymn to the god Amon - Ra

Papyrus with songs of the Egyptians

Statuette of the goddess Bastet

Task 7: Correct the mistakes

One liar and braggart claimed that he visited Ancient Egypt with the help of a “time machine”:

When I came to this country, I learned that the Egyptians were in great trouble. The Nile has not flooded for several years and has become fairly shallow. All other rivers in Egypt can be forded. I reached the largest of the pyramids, where Pharaoh Tutankhamun is buried. When I approached the pyramid, a downpour poured in, and I had to hide in an oak grove. When the rain stopped, I began to look for the entrance to the pyramid, but the Egyptians told me that the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun had long been plundered and not a single thing had been preserved... Stop making things up, - the narrator was interrupted, - you have never been to Ancient Egypt! There are many historical errors in your story.

FIND HISTORICAL (factual) ERRORS

Task 8: Crossword

1. Country governance system

2.Tomb of the Egyptian Pharaohs

3. Appropriation of the product of someone else's labor

4.Ancient Egyptian writing sign

5. Monetary collection in favor of the state

6. A fantastic tale about gods and heroes

7.The ancient capital of Egypt

• HISTORY LESSON

  5th grade

  "ANCIENT EGYPT"

  History teacher: Maisinger Marina Andreevna

  Art. Smaznevo 2012