Diameters of copper pipes in inches. Inch pipe in sections. Advantages and disadvantages, comparison with analogues

Copper pipes, although a fairly expensive material, are widely used in the construction of various pipelines. The main characteristics of copper pipes include durability, the ability to be used at any temperature of the flowing liquid, and non-susceptibility to corrosion and other aggressive environments. In order for the pipeline to serve for a long time without interruptions, it is necessary to select the correct diameter of the copper pipe.

Types of copper pipes

Copper pipes can be classified according to several criteria:

1. According to the manufacturing method, they are divided into the following types:
   • Annealed pipes are produced by heat treatment. They are characterized by increased elasticity, which determines the scope of their application. In most cases, temperature-treated pipes are installed in air conditioning systems, heated floors, and refrigeration units. The main disadvantage of annealed pipes is the reduction in the strength of the material as a result of processing. Annealed pipes are produced in different diameters and are mainly sold in coils up to 50 m long;

To increase the strength index, annealed pipes can be manufactured with a protective shell.

1. • non-annealed pipes are highly durable, but less elastic. They are mainly used when installing heating, water supply, gas supply or sewerage systems. Unannealed pipes are also manufactured in different diameters and, as a rule, are supplied in lengths of up to 5 m;

1. section type. Copper pipes can be produced in round or rectangular shape. The latter are widely used for drainage systems;

1. sizes. For various pipelines, it is necessary to correctly select not only the outer and inner diameters, but also the thickness of the pipe wall.

Rules for selecting pipes for various systems

Each pipeline has special characteristics, so when choosing pipes, all parameters should be taken into account.

Selection of pipes for water supply and wastewater systems

The diameter of the pipe in the heating system cannot be greater than the outlet diameter of the heating equipment.

Copper pipes in the heating system are described in detail in the video.

Selection of pipes for gas supply

Depending on the pressure in the system, gas pipelines are divided into the following types:

• with low pressure (less than 0.005 MPa);
• with average pressure (0.005 MPa - 0.3 MPa);
• with high pressure (more than 0.3 MPa).

Copper pipes are allowed to be used exclusively for the installation of gas pipelines with low and medium pressure, that is, for domestic gas pipelines.

According to regulatory documents, copper pipes are used for pipeline laying:

• with a diameter of no more than 15.9 cm;
• wall thickness up to 5 mm.

A more accurate calculation of the diameter is made exclusively by specialists.

Copper pipe marking

To determine technical specifications selected pipes, it is enough to correctly read the markings, which are applied in accordance with GOST 617-19.

The label must indicate:

• method used in manufacturing (D - drawn, G - pressed, and so on);
• cross-section of the manufactured pipe (for example, KR - round);
• accuracy in production (N – normal, P – increased);
• type (M - soft, P - semi-hard, and so on);
• outer diameter (the diameters of all copper pipes are indicated in mm. It is unacceptable to indicate the diameters of copper pipes in inches);
• wall thickness (in mm);
• length of the segment;
• grade of copper used for manufacturing.

For example, DKRNM 12*1*3000 M2:

• D – drawn pipe;
• KR – has a round cross-section;
• N – has normal accuracy;
• M – soft;
• outer diameter 12 mm;
• pipe wall thickness is 1 mm;
• pipe length 300 mm;
• The pipe is made of M2 grade copper.

The selection of pipe diameters for pipelines is carried out based on system parameters: length, pressure, temperature, diagram, and so on. In order not to carry out calculations using complex mathematical formulas on your own, you can use the recommendations developed by specialists or seek help from professionals.

Every person who installs or repairs water pipes will have to become familiar with the dimensions of water pipes in mm and inches. Without this, it will not be possible to achieve high-quality connections and the required pipeline capacity. Let's look in more detail: why there are two measurement systems and how sizes are recalculated.

Classification of water pipes

Historically, measurements were calculated in inches. This meaning differed in each state. It was conventionally equated to:

• the width of the index finger;
• the length of three barley grains from the middle of the spikelet;
• the ratio of the distance from the tip of the nose to the thumb of the outstretched hand of King Henry 1 of England.

As a result of the development of civilization and relationships between states, people realized that it was inconvenient to use such a value for full-fledged trade. For this reason, everyone switched to a common measuring system and distances began to be measured in meters. The value of the current meter was fixed in 1983 at the XVII General Conference on Weights and Measures. On at this stage it is tied to the speed of light. Despite this, diameters in water pipes continue to be measured in inches. It is officially recognized that this unit is equivalent to 0.0254 meters, or 25.4 mm.

Main dimensions

Each water pipe has a diameter and other individual dimensions:

• internal distance between walls;
• the size of the required passage;
• nominal diameter;
• external thickness;
• wall thickness.

The throughput and profitability of the entire water supply system depends on these values. When designing, installing and repairing it, you must be especially careful to comply with these dimensions. A discrepancy of 1 mm at one connection can lead to failure of the entire structure.

Table of water pipe diameters

Pipes are qualified according to their external size, which is specified by the manufacturer. To determine the internal diameter, you will need to subtract twice the wall thickness from the external value. However, products made of cast iron and steel are marked by internal diameter, taking into account their throughput. This should be remembered when using products made from different materials in the same system. Let's look at a few examples.

Steel pipe 76x3 means:

• outer diameter of the product 76 mm;
• wall thickness 3 mm;
• the internal passage will be 70 mm.

The calculation occurred as follows: 76 - (3x2) = 70 mm.

2 example. 1" copper pipe implies an outer thickness of 1 inch, or 25.4 mm.

Docking of products from different material fittings are used. will have plastic on one side, which will allow for high-quality soldering, and on the other, threads for a reliable threaded connection. To do this, you need to pay attention to the thread size and pitch. When connecting to cast iron, sockets and special seals are used. Plastic can be soldered together, metal can be welded using electric or gas welding.

Steel

When installing with steel products, their selection is made according to the outer diameter of the pipe plumbing system. According to the requirements of GOST 10704–91, they are divided into groups:

• large diameter - from 508 mm;
• medium – 114-530 mm;
• small – up to 114 mm.

In home plumbing, the most popular products are those with small sizes. Medium - in the city water supply. Large - for main oil and gas pipelines. The most popular products include:

• ½" - 12.7 mm;
• ¾" - 19.0 mm;
• 1" - 25.4 mm;
• 1½" - 38.1 mm.

Specialists who are involved in laying and repairing water pipes on a daily basis know these values ​​by heart, while others look them up in tables.

The size of these products leaves much to be desired. The problem is that each manufacturer sets its own sizing chart. Therefore, when assembling a plastic water supply system, it is advisable to purchase all components from one manufacturer. Or you will have to take measurements of each product. Despite this, plastic pipelines are distinguished by their performance characteristics and are very popular, especially when laying water distribution indoors.

How to correctly convert mm to inches

When laying a water supply system or replacing its elements, it is necessary to be well versed in their relationships. To carry out these translations, masters use special tables. The difficulty lies in the wall thickness. An illustrative example:

• Let’s take a product with an outer thickness of 1”, which should be equal to 25.4 mm;
• the diameter of the threaded connection will be 33.249 mm.

How to calculate the diameter of a pipe for a water supply? The thread is cut on the outside of the wall. Its nominal value in relation to the internal indicator is obtained by a symbol. Therefore, to calculate it it is necessary: ​​to 25.4 mm add double the wall thickness of the product. The result will be 33.249 mm. Common threaded connections:

• ½" - 20.4…20.7 mm;
• ¾" - 25.9…26.2 mm;
• 1" - 32.7…33.0 mm;
• 1½" - 45.8…46.2 mm.

As you can see, each case has its own discrepancies.

Conversion table for water pipe diameters from inches to millimeters

Conclusion

When installing a water supply system or replacing its elements, it is necessary to strictly observe the diameter of the water supply pipes. Otherwise, at the slightest discrepancy of up to 1 mm, the density and strength of the hermetic connection will be in question. Such a connection cannot be considered reliable and at any moment can lead to failure or leakage.

Her Majesty the trumpet! Of course, it makes our lives better. Something like this:

The key characteristic of any cylindrical pipe is its diameter. It can be internal ( Du) and external ( Dn). Pipe diameter is measured in millimeters, but the unit of pipe thread is inch.

At the junction of the metric and foreign measurement systems, the most questions usually arise.

In addition, the actual size of the internal diameter often does not coincide with Dy.

Let's take a closer look at how we can continue to live with this. A separate article is devoted to pipe threads. Read also about profile pipes, which are used for the construction of structures.

Inches vs mm. Where does the confusion come from and when is a correspondence table needed?

Pipes whose diameter is indicated in inches ( 1", 2" ) and/or fractions of inches ( 1/2", 3/4" ), are a generally accepted standard in water and water-gas supply.

What's the difficulty?

Take dimensions from the pipe diameter 1" (how to measure pipes is written below) and you will get 33.5 mm, which naturally does not coincide with the classical linear table for converting inches to mm ( 25.4 mm).

As a rule, the installation of inch pipes proceeds without difficulty, but when replacing them with pipes made of plastic, copper and stainless steel, a problem arises - a discrepancy between the size of the designated inch ( 33.5 mm) to its actual size ( 25.4 mm).

Usually this fact causes bewilderment, but if you look deeper into the processes occurring in the pipe, the logic of the size discrepancy becomes obvious to a layman. It's quite simple - read on.

The point is that when creating water flow The key role is played not by the external, but by the internal diameter, and for this reason it is used for designation.

However, the discrepancy between designated and metric inches still remains, since the internal diameter of a standard pipe is 27.1 mm, and reinforced - 25.5 mm. The last value is quite close to equality 1""=25,4 but still he is not.

The solution is that to indicate the size of pipes, a nominal diameter rounded to a standard value is used (nominal diameter Dy). The size of the nominal diameter is selected so that the throughput of the pipeline increases from 40 to 60% depending on the growth of the index value.

Example:

The outer diameter of the pipe system is 159 mm, pipe wall thickness 7 mm. The exact inner diameter will be D = 159 - 7*2= 145 mm. With wall thickness 5 mm size will be 149 mm. However, in both the first and second cases, the conditional passage will have the same nominal size 150 mm.

In situations with plastic pipes, adapters are used to solve the problem of inappropriate sizes. If it is necessary to replace or connect inch pipes with pipes made according to real metric dimensions - copper, stainless steel, aluminum, both the outer and inner diameters should be taken into account.

Table of nominal diameter in inches

Du	Inches	Du	Inches	Du	Inches
6	1/8"	150	6"	900	36"
8	1/4"	175	7"	1000	40"
10	3/8"	200	8"	1050	42"
15	1/2"	225	9"	1100	44"
20	3/4"	250	10"	1200	48"
25	1"	275	11"	1300	52"
32	1(1/4)"	300	12"	1400	56"
40	1(1/2)"	350	14"	1500	60"
50	2"	400	16"	1600	64"
65	2(1/2)"	450	18"	1700	68"
80	3"	500	20"	1800	72"
90	3(1/2)"	600	24"	1900	76"
100	4"	700	28"	2000	80"
125	5"	800	32"	2200	88"

Table. Inner and outer diameters. Stacked water/water-gas pipelines, epectros-welded longitudinal, seamless hot-deformed steel and polymer pipes

Table of correspondence between nominal diameter, thread and outer diameters of the pipeline in inches and mm.

Nominal pipe diameter Dy. mm	Thread diameter G". inch	Pipe outer diameter Dn. mm
		Water/water-gas pipes GOST 3263-75	Epoxy-welded straight-seam steel pipes GOST 10704-91. Seamless hot-deformed steel pipes GOST 8732-78. GOST 8731-74 (FROM 20 TO 530 ml)	Polymer pipe. PE, PP, PVC

GOST- state standard used in heat - gas - oil - pipelines

ISO- standard for designating diameters, used in plumbing engineering systems

SMS- Swedish standard for pipe diameters and valves

DIN/EN- main European range for steel pipes according to DIN2448 / DIN2458

DU (Dy)- conditional passage

Tables with sizes of polypropylene pipes are presented in the following article >>>

Conformity table for nominal pipe diameters with international markings

GOST	ISO inch	ISO mm	SMS mm	DIN mm	DU
8	1/8	10,30			5
10	1/4	13,70	6,35		8
12	3/8	17,20	9,54	12,00	10
18	1/2	21,30	12,70	18,00	15
25	3/4	26,90	19,05	23(23)	20
32	1	33,70	25,00	28,00	25
38	1 ¼	42,40	31,75	34(35)	32
45	1 ½	48,30	38,00	40,43	40
57	2	60,30	50,80	52,53	50
76	2 ½	76,10	63,50	70,00	65
89	3	88,90	76,10	84,85	80
108	4	114,30	101,60	104,00	100
133	5	139,70	129,00	129,00	125
159	6	168,30	154,00	154,00	150
219	8	219,00	204,00	204,00	200
273	10	273,00	254,00	254,00	250

Diameters and other characteristics of stainless steel pipes

Passage, mm	Diameter outer, mm	Wall thickness, mm		Weight of 1 m pipe (kg)
		standard	reinforced	standard	reinforced
10	17	2.2	2.8	0.61	0.74
15	21.3	2.8	3.2	1.28	1.43
20	26.8	2.8	3.2	1.66	1.86
25	33.5	3.2	4	2.39	2.91
32	42.3	3.2	4	3.09	3.78
40	48	3.5	4	3.84	4.34
50	60	3.5	4.5	4.88	6.16
65	75.5	4	4.5	7.05	7.88
80	88.5	4	4.5	8.34	9.32
100	114	4.5	5	12.15	13.44
125	140	4.5	5.5	15.04	18.24
150	165	4.5	5.5	17.81	21.63

Did you know?

What ingenious lamps can you assemble with your own hands from an ordinary metal pipe? Anyone can do this!

Which pipe is considered small - medium - large?

Even in serious sources, I have seen phrases like: “We take any pipe of average diameter and...”, but no one indicates what this average diameter is.

To figure it out, you should first understand what diameter you need to focus on: it can be internal or external. The first is important when calculating the transport capacity of water or gas, and the second is important for determining the ability to withstand mechanical loads.

External diameters:

From 426 mm is considered large;

102-246 is called average;

5-102 is classified as small.

As for the internal diameter, it is better to look at the special table (see above).

How to find out the diameter of a pipe? Measure!

For some reason this strange question often comes to e-mail and I decided to supplement the material with a paragraph about measurement.

In most cases, when purchasing, it is enough to look at the label or ask the seller a question. But it happens that you need to repair one of the communication systems by replacing pipes, and initially it is not known what diameter the already installed ones have.

There are several ways to determine the diameter, but we will list only the simplest ones:

Arm yourself with a tape measure or measuring tape (this is how women measure their waist). Wrap it around the pipe and record the measurement. Now, to obtain the desired characteristic, it is enough to divide the resulting figure by 3.1415 - this is the number Pi.

Example:

Let's imagine that the girth (circumference L) of your pipe is 59.2 mm. L=ΠD, resp. the diameter will be: 59.2 / 3.1415= 18.85 mm.

• After obtaining the outer diameter, you can find out the inner one. Only for this you need to know the thickness of the walls (if there is a cut, just measure with a tape measure or other device with a millimeter scale).

  Let's assume that the wall thickness is 1 mm. This figure is multiplied by 2 (if the thickness is 3 mm, then it is also multiplied by 2 in any case) and subtracted from the outer diameter (18.85- (2 x 1 mm) = 16.85 mm).

  It’s great if you have a caliper at home. The pipe is simply grabbed by the measuring teeth. We look at the required value on a double scale.

Types of steel pipes according to their production method

Electric welded (straight seam)

For their manufacture, strips or sheet steel are used, which are bent to the required diameter using special equipment, and then the ends are connected by welding.

The effect of electric welding guarantees a minimum seam width, which makes it possible to use them for the construction of gas or water pipelines. The metal is in most cases carbon or low alloy.

The indicators of finished products are regulated by the following documents: GOST 10704-91, GOST 10705-80 GOST 10706-76.

Please note that the pipe manufactured according to standard 10706-26 is different maximum strength among its own kind - after creating the first connecting seam, it is strengthened by four additional ones (2 inside and 2 outside).

The regulatory documentation indicates the diameters of products produced by electric welding. Their size ranges from 10 to 1420 mm.

Spiral seam

The material for production is steel in rolls. The product is also characterized by the presence of a seam, but unlike the previous production method, it is wider, which means the ability to withstand high internal pressure is lower. Therefore, they are not used for the construction of gas pipeline systems.

A specific type of pipe is regulated by GOST number 8696-74 .

Seamless

The production of a specific type involves the deformation of specially prepared steel blanks. The deformation process can be carried out both under the influence high temperatures, and cold method (GOST 8732-78, 8731-74 and GOST 8734-75, respectively).

The absence of a seam has a positive effect on the strength characteristics - the internal pressure is evenly distributed over the walls (there are no “weak” places).

As for diameters, standards control their production with a value of up to 250 mm. When purchasing products with sizes exceeding those indicated, you have to rely only on the integrity of the manufacturer.

Important to know!

If you want to buy the most durable material, buy seamless cold-formed pipes. The absence of temperature influences has a positive effect on preserving the original characteristics of the metal.

Also, if the ability to withstand internal pressure is an important indicator, then choose round products. Profile pipes cope better with mechanical loads (metal frames, etc., are well made from them).

Here are a couple more excellent slides of creative advertising for a pipe manufacturer:

No matter what, copper pipes have been and remain one of the most popular materials for pipeline construction for various purposes, along with metal, plastic and other types of products. According to GOST, copper pipe can be used in many sectors of the economy, which is mainly due to the characteristics of copper itself, as well as the technology for seamless production of pipes.

This article will give general characteristics copper pipes, their properties and some installation features are announced.

Copper pipes of various diameters

Characteristics of copper pipes

Copper pipes do not react and are almost completely impermeable to working fluids various types and in particular for oils, fats, herbicides, insecticides, bacteria, viruses and other substances.

Regarding chlorine, which may be contained in tap water, it not only does not destroy copper, but also promotes the formation of a protective oxidative layer, giving the pipe even greater strength and durability.

Like plastic pipes, copper products are good because they are practically not subject to build-up on inner surface various organic and inorganic substances - limescale, etc. According to GOST, a copper pipe can function successfully in a wide temperature range (-200... +250 degrees), while exhibiting high resistance to temperature changes and having a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Copper pipe 1/4 inch in diameter, along with products of other sizes, is quite flexible. Thanks to this, the level of safety of copper pipes for water supply becomes higher: copper pipes do not lose their integrity and tightness when water freezes in them.

Unlike plastic pipes for heating or water supply, copper pipes are not affected by ultraviolet radiation, and commercially available paint for copper pipes is used rather to make the pipeline suitable for environmental conditions appearance rather than for protection.

In addition, to increase the attractiveness of the appearance of copper pipes that have a specific color, a special chrome-plated copper pipe is produced today.

Chromed copper pipe 5/8 for external broaching

Pipes of this type have an insignificant roughness coefficient, lower in comparison with metal and even polymer pipes, and this, under the same conditions, allows the use of copper pipes of smaller diameter.

In the production of pipes and fittings, as a rule, phosphorodeoxyoxidized copper is used, containing Cu+ Ag > 99.90% and phosphorus (residual content) 0.015-0.040%. This grade of copper CU-DPH according to DIN 1412 is easy to weld and solder, has increased anti-corrosion properties and does not lose physical properties (ductility, hardness, etc.) under long-term operation.

Copper pipes - GOST 617-19 melt at a temperature of 1083 degrees. All this determines the service life of copper fittings and pipes, which is 50-80 years.

In dry air conditions, such pipes practically do not oxidize, but if moisture and carbon dioxide appear, a green film may form on the metal surface.

Among other things, unlike steel and cast iron, the weight of copper pipes is very small, which also greatly simplifies the installation of pipelines of this type.

The mass or simply the weight of a copper pipe, if necessary, can be calculated using the formula:

• Q = (D – S) * S * π * γ / 1000
• where Q is the mass per linear meter of pipe;
• D – its outer diameter in millimeters;
• S – wall thickness also in mm;
• π – constant, equal to 3.14;
• γ is the density of copper, equal to 8.9 kg/l.

For example, the weight of a 12/1 copper pipe 1 m long will be just over 300 grams.

Applications of copper pipelines

The areas of use of copper pipes are very numerous.

Most often, such pipes are used in the following systems:

• in heating pipelines;
• in water supply systems (both hot and cold);
• in pipelines transporting gas or compressed air;
• in freon supply systems in refrigeration equipment;
• in hydraulic systems for oil supply;
• in fuel pipelines;
• in condensate drainage systems;
• when connecting technological equipment;
• in air conditioning systems and others.

1/4 copper pipe is used to connect the external unit of the air conditioner with the internal

Types of copper pipes

Types of pipes according to manufacturing method

Not only the sections and sizes of copper pipes are different.

In domestic systems, as a rule, two types of copper pipes are used:

Annealed products are subjected to annealing (special heat treatment), as a result of which the pipes become soft. In this case, the strength qualities of the pipes are slightly deteriorated, while the installation of copper components becomes much simpler.

Annealed copper pipes are supplied in sections several tens of meters long (usually 2-50 m), rolled into coils. Unannealed pipes are sold in the form of straight sections from one meter to several, usually 5 m in length.

According to the cross-sectional shape, in addition to the classical shape, there are also rectangular copper pipes. Such products are usually intended for the production of conductors for stator windings of electrical machines, which are cooled by liquid cooling.

Copper pipes of rectangular cross-section, due to their non-standard shape, are difficult to manufacture, which makes their cost higher in comparison with conventional pipes.

Copper pipe GOST 16774-78 rectangular section

Dimensions and designations of copper pipes

Copper pipe - 1/2 inch, like products of other diameters in the inch system, in the modern interpretation are increasingly measured in millimeters.

Thus, today there is a significant demand for pipes with diameters from 10 to 22 mm for water supply systems, and from 32 to 42 mm for drainage systems.

In addition, a new standard designation for pipe sizes has come into use: if previously a 1/4 copper pipe was identified only by its outer diameter (1/4 inch), now a fractional designation, for example, 12/14 describes the diameters of the pipe - external and internal - in millimeters.

Officially, according to GOST, copper pipes are designated fractionally, where the numerator indicates the outer diameter of the pipe in millimeters, and the denominator indicates the wall thickness. Pipe 14/1 is a pipe with an outer diameter of 14 mm, an inner diameter of 13 mm, and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

The following marking NF ZZZ 07 RUSSIA 12 x 1 A 617-19 A will mean the following: ZZZ – manufacturer’s indication, 07 – manufacturer’s plant number, RUSSIA – country of origin, 12 x 1 – outer diameter and wall thickness of the pipe, 617-19 – GOST copper pipes.

Features of installation of copper pipes

Before installing copper pipes, take the required measurements and cut them into components. The pipe cut must certainly be smooth, for which you should use a special pipe cutter.

Copper pipe connection methods

Threads are not applied to copper pipes.

Pipe connections are made in two ways:

The most common method, due to its efficiency, is the capillary soldering method. Soldering ensures reliability and complete tightness of pipe connections. Copper square pipe, as a rule, is connected in this way.

Soldering copper pipes

Capillary soldering is usually performed using sockets and fittings. This method of pipeline construction is successfully applicable when the pipe is planned to operate at high temperatures.

Pressure connections are made using various types of fittings, including self-locking and compression ones. In addition, special flanges and clamps for screeds can be used. The pressing method is applicable in cases where exposure to an open flame on the pipeline is excluded.

Fittings for connecting copper pipes

Copper pipes are connected to each other using crimp and solder fittings.

Compression type fittings are usually made of brass. The tightness of the fastening is ensured by this element thanks to the crimp ring located inside the fitting. The ring is tightened using a connecting nut manually or with a wrench.

A 1/2 copper pipe or a product of a different diameter can be connected with a compression fitting at the installation site of the pipeline, where there is always access to checking the tightness of the connection. Such fittings usually connect pipelines designed for operation under low pressure, and the fittings require periodic monitoring and tightening.

The technology for connecting a fitting to a copper pipe is as follows:

1. The fitting must be disassembled into its components.
2. A clamp nut and a ferrule are placed on the pipe.
3. The end of the pipe with the ferrule and nut is inserted into the fitting.
4. The nut is tightened until it stops by hand, and the cone-shaped ring should fit into the cone part of the fitting without distortion.
5. Next, the nut is tightened with a wrench by 0.5-1.25 turns, depending on the diameter of the copper pipe.

KME copper pipe can be connected to another pipe using brass fittings and a set of tools

If you tighten it too tightly with a ferrule, you can simply cut through the pipe wall. No need to overdo it.

It should be remembered that such a connection is not a standard of reliability. It is the compression fittings that are prone to leaks more often than others. For this reason, constant monitoring of the integrity of such connections will be required.

Connecting copper pipes with pipes made of other materials

A 3/8 copper pipe, like products of other diameters, in hot and cold water supply pipelines can be connected to a pipe made of brass, steel, or plastic without the risk of corrosion.

As for the connection with galvanized steel, both profile and round pipes are afraid of such combinations. The reason for this is the occurrence of active electrolytic processes that occur between zinc and copper.

Pipes of this type can only be connected using brass fittings, and the water flow must be from zinc to copper, and nothing else.

Products of various diameters, such as 3/8 copper pipe, are very effective in terms of their durability. Having selected modern copper pipes for your household pipeline, you will certainly be satisfied with your choice.

Copper pipe: features of sizes, diameters 1

236) Copper pipe: features of sizes, diameters 1/2, 1/4, 3/8, 5/8, GOST, what are profiles, rectangular cross-section, chrome-plated products, weight.

What sizes of copper pipes are there, what diameters are most often used

Copper pipes are still in demand when laying communications for a wide variety of purposes, despite the fact that in recent years Plastic pipe products are very popular. This occurs due to the presence of special properties in copper products.

Features of copper pipes

These products are manufactured using seamless production technology. The material for copper products does not enter into chemical reactions; it is impenetrable to various types liquids such as fats and oils do not contribute to the proliferation of viruses and bacteria.

It is known that tap water contains chlorine, but it does not contribute to the destruction of copper pipes, but promotes the formation of a protective layer on their inner surface against oxidative processes, which gives the pipelines increased stability and strength.

By analogy with plastic products, copper pipe products almost do not form build-ups of all kinds of deposits, such as limescale, for example. According to the provisions of GOST, a copper pipe can be in working condition at a temperature range between -200 and +250 degrees. These products are very resistant to sudden temperature changes, since they are characterized by a low thermal expansion coefficient.

Copper pipes, when water freezes in them, remain intact and in a sealed state. Unlike plastic pipe products intended for water and heat supply, copper products are not dangerous from ultraviolet radiation. They are painted not so much to protect the pipeline, but to give it an appropriate appearance. Today, in order to increase the attractiveness of copper products, chrome-plated products are produced from this material.

Since such pipes are characterized by a low roughness index compared to products made of metals and polymers, under equal conditions it is possible to lay a pipeline of a smaller cross-section.

Production Features

To produce pipes and fittings, phosphorodeoxyoxidized copper is used, which contains Cu+ Ag > 99.9% and phosphorus 0.015-0.04%. The material grade CU-DPH according to DIN 1412 for the production of copper products has excellent anti-corrosion properties, retains physical properties such as hardness and ductility during long-term operation, and can be easily soldered and welded.

Copper pipes produced on the basis of GOST 617-19 can be melted at 1083 degrees. For this reason, the service life of products for creating copper pipelines reaches 80 years.

In the presence of moisture and carbon dioxide, a green film may form on the surface of the pipes. If the air is dry, they are almost resistant to oxidation processes.

On sale you can find indications of the sizes of copper pipes in inches and mm. Weight of copper pipe products compared to steel and cast iron products is considered small, and this circumstance makes the work of constructing the pipeline easier.

To calculate the mass of such pipes, the formula is used:

Q = (D – S) xS x π xγ / 1000,

where Q is the weight of a linear meter of the product;

D – its outer diameter;

S – wall thickness, indicated in millimeters;

π – constant, equal to 3.14;

γ is the density of copper, which is 8.9 kg/l.

Scope of application of copper pipelines

The scope of use of copper pipe products is extensive, but most often it is used for laying:

• heating systems;
• pipelines for water supply;
• highways along which compressed air or gas is moved;
• fuel pipelines;
• condensate drainage systems;
• structures for connecting technological equipment;
• pipelines supplying freon to refrigeration units;
• air conditioning systems, etc. Read also: “Which copper pipes are best to use for air conditioners - characteristics and installation methods.”

Methods for producing copper pipe products

Copper pipe sizes vary. When arranging systems for household purposes, two types of copper products are usually used:

The first type of pipes is sold in straight sections ranging from 1 to 5 meters in length.

In the second case, the products undergo heat treatment - they are fired, after which they become soft, and the strength characteristics are slightly reduced, but the installation of copper fittings becomes easier. Annealed pipes are sold to consumers in lengths from 2 to 50 meters, packaged in coils.

In addition to products with round sections, manufacturers produce rectangular products. Due to their non-standard shape, such pipes are difficult to manufacture and therefore their cost is higher compared to conventional products.

Designations of copper pipes and their diameter sizes in inches and millimeters

Today, most often inch copper pipe (half-inch, ¼-inch, etc.) is measured in millimeters. Products with a diameter of 10–22 millimeters are in greatest demand when arranging water supply systems, and for sewer pipelines – 32–42 millimeters. Read also: “Pipe sizes in inches - how to distinguish from sizes in millimeters.”

You can use a special table - the diameters of copper pipes are indicated in it both in inches and in millimeters.

With the advent of the modern regulatory designation for copper pipes, they are now identified not only by their outer diameter, for example, ¼ inch, but also by their inner diameter. The products have fractional characteristics - 12/14, expressed in millimeters.

According to GOST, the parameters of these pipes are indicated in the form of a fraction, where the numerator means the outer diameter of the product, and the denominator means the wall thickness, expressed in millimeters. Thus, pipe products 14/1 are produced with outer and inner diameters equal to 14 and 13 millimeters, respectively. The wall thickness is 1 millimeter.

Suppose you need to find out the dimensions of an inch copper pipe - its outer diameter is, according to the table, 33.5 millimeters, and the equivalent is 25 millimeters.

ZZZ – manufacturing company;

08 – number of the manufacturer;

RUSSIA – the country in which the products are manufactured;

12x1 – dimensions of external section and wall thickness;

617-19 – copper pipes in accordance with GOST.

To find out the diameter of a copper pipe in inches and mm, the calculation is performed as follows:

1. The value of 1 inch, as mentioned above, is equal to 25 millimeters (or rather 25.4).
2. When the pipe is 1/4 inch, then 25 is multiplied by ¼ and you get 6.25 millimeters.

Features of installation of copper pipelines

Before you begin creating a copper pipeline, you should take the necessary measurements and cut the pipes into pieces. The cut of the product must be even, so a special cutter is used. By the way, copper pipes are not threaded.

Connecting individual sections of a copper pipeline can be done in the following ways:

The most effective of them is considered to be joining using capillary soldering technology, which is why it has become more widespread. This method ensures reliability and absolute tightness of pipe joints. Copper products square section connected using capillary soldering, which is performed using fittings and sockets.

This method of laying pipelines from copper components is used when the pipeline is planned to be operated in conditions of extremely high temperatures.

Joining by pressing involves the use different types fittings, including compression and self-locking. Special flanges and clamps are also used to provide the screed. Pressing is used in cases where the pipeline cannot be exposed to open flame.

Fittings for copper pipe products

For laying copper pipelines, crimp or solder type fittings are used. The first type of connecting elements is usually made of brass. The tightness of such a connection is ensured by the presence of a crimp ring located inside the fitting, which is tightened with a wrench. A compression fitting is used to connect pipes of different diameters at the site where the pipeline is laid, provided there is access to check the tightness (for more details: “Which compression fittings for copper pipes are best to use, rules for choosing compression fittings and installation”).

Such parts are usually used when it is necessary to lay a line designed for operation when the working medium moves through it under low pressure. At the same time, during the operation of the pipeline, it is necessary to periodically monitor the condition of the fittings.

The connection process is performed in the following sequence:

1. The fitting is disassembled into its component parts.
2. The clamp nut and ferrule are placed on the pipe.
3. The end of the pipe, which has a ring and a nut, is inserted into the fitting.
4. The nut is fixed all the way, and the cone-shaped ring must be inserted into the cone part without distortion.
5. The nut is tightened with a wrench by 0.5-1.25 turns - which depends on the diameter of the pipe used.

When performing work, the main thing is not to overdo it, since if you apply too much force, you can damage the wall of the pipe product.

The type of connection described above cannot be called flawless - compression fittings often leak, so their condition should be constantly monitored.

Joining copper pipes with other materials

When laying communications from copper pipes, they can be joined with pipe products made of plastic, steel and brass. Regarding connections with galvanized products, experts recommend avoiding such combinations, since there is a high probability of chemical processes occurring between the two elements - copper and zinc.

When joining pipes of this type, brass fittings are used - they are mounted so that the water flow moves in the direction from zinc to copper.

Modern copper pipe products are durable and therefore such water supply would be an excellent choice.

Copper pipe for air conditioners: table of sizes, types

Due to the rapidly growing demand for air conditioners, the demand for consumables for their installation is also increasing. As a rule, copper tubes are used. Why copper? The answer is simple. This metal is one of the most corrosion resistant. Of course, there are alternatives - aluminum, various polymer materials. But they do not possess the qualities inherent only in copper.

It happens that the manufacturers of this equipment also supply a copper air conditioning pipe. But in most cases, all related elements have to be purchased separately. It would be best to entrust their selection to a specialist. But the customer must also have information about the properties and features of such parts in order to avoid mistakes when purchasing them.

The scope of application of copper pipe is quite extensive. It is used for transporting and supplying corrosive liquids and gases. Other types of metal cannot compete with copper in this regard. That is why they are used to supply coolant from the external unit to the internal unit.

Distinctive properties

In addition, copper pipes for air conditioning can withstand high pressure. So that they can have such strength, an annealing procedure is performed. That is, metal processing at high temperatures, up to +700 degrees Celsius.

After this procedure, the natural properties of copper are somewhat transformed. Copper pipe for air conditioners becomes less tensile strength, but it acquires ductility and begins to stretch perfectly. It will become twice as long before it breaks, and bends easily at a certain angle. This makes it possible to give this element any configuration, which greatly simplifies the installation procedure.

The strength of the annealed pipe is 220 MPa. Its production is regulated by GOST R52318-2005, according to which the composition of copper should not contain impurities greater than 0.1%. Seamless options are the most valuable. Their walls are very smooth, which increases the throughput of the pipeline. And the relatively low weight gives some advantage during installation and operation. By the way, a copper pipe for air conditioners can last longer than the air conditioner itself, several decades.

Diameter table

The small cross-section allows you to avoid making large holes in the wall of the building when pulling. Depending on the power of the unit, the diameter varies. The list of diameters produced is given below:

The higher the power of the air conditioner declared by the manufacturer, the greater the amount of refrigerant the tubes must pass through. And the distance between external and internal blocks varies. Therefore, the sizes of copper pipes for air conditioners also differ. This refers to their length. Typically, copper tubes are supplied in coils of 15 meters; 25 and 50 meters.

But some manufacturers cut them into rods 2 meters long at the factory, installing plastic plugs at their ends to prevent debris and moisture from getting inside. If the person who bought the air conditioner wants to install it himself, he will not need a whole coil of pipe. Coves are used by specialists who install air conditioners on a large scale.

As with any external engineering systems, thermal insulation is required. This is necessary to avoid condensation accumulation, overheating or freezing of the transported liquid or gas. Typically, special protection made of foamed, non-porous rubber or polyethylene is used for these purposes. It is produced in the form of two-meter black tubes.

Their thermal conductivity is l (0°C) = 0.036 W/mK. Insulation for copper air conditioning pipes can protect them at temperatures ranging from -150°C to +150°C. In addition, the very thin walls of the copper pipeline can lose temperature, which sharply increases the consumption of electricity and refrigerant during operation of the split system. Typically, thermal insulation is sold as a set. If not, you need to purchase it separately and be sure to install it.

During installation, metal cutting tools are usually not used. This prevents chips generated during cutting from entering the cooling system. The shavings may well clog the hole in the tube and damage the air conditioner. That is why two main methods of fastening are used: connection using fittings and soldering the copper pipes of the air conditioner to each other. Solder has a low melting point, which makes it possible to use a conventional gas torch when joining tubes.

Copper is by no means a cheap metal; it is used only where such costs are justified. This is not only the installation of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. This metal, classified as non-ferrous, practically does not oxidize. It is not afraid of contact with other metals, and therefore is widely used in both chemical and food industry, and in mechanical engineering.

• Application:
• Plumbing
• Heating
• Warm floor
• Sewer
• Smoke
• Gutters
• Form:
• Profile

Copper pipe for air conditioners: table of diameters, types

Copper tubes are the basis for safe and long-term operation of air conditioners. Main diameters (dimensions), types and properties.

Copper pipes are used in pipeline construction. They seriously compete with metal and plastic products. In accordance with GOST, copper pipes are used in hydraulic and refrigeration equipment, for transporting gas and compressed air, in hydraulic and refrigeration systems. This is due to the properties of copper: strength, resistance to corrosion and chlorine, impermeability to working fluids, including oils and fats.

What are the differences between copper pipes?

The characteristics and type of pipes are determined by the scope of application. They differ in cross-section and size, and dozens of other characteristics.

Type of copper. Pipes made from the following types of copper are used in household equipment:

Unlike pipes that have not undergone heat treatment, annealed pipes are stronger and easier to install.

Section. In addition to the standard square section, copper pipes are made rectangular and flat-oval. Products with a rectangular cross-section are more difficult to manufacture due to their non-standard shape. They are used in the manufacture of stator winding conductors for liquid-cooled electrical machines.

Purpose. The scope of application determines the characteristics of copper pipes. They are used in the following areas:

• in water supply, heating, gas transportation systems;
• in household and industrial air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers;
• in heat pumps, solar systems, heat exchangers;
• in radar equipment;
• in the production of fabric printing rollers, crystallizers, induction coils.

Manufacturing materials, standards. Pipes are manufactured in accordance with Russian standards - GOST, TU - and foreign standards - EN, ASTM. Copper alloys are used for production different brands, including those alloyed with other materials (zinc, tin, aluminum, etc.) and oxygen-free alloys containing phosphorus. Copper is used different degrees rigidity, which determines the purpose of copper pipes:

• Soft. Used in “beam” distribution systems.
• Semi-solid. To change the geometry of such pipes, a pipe bender is used.
• Solid. Used in highways with increased strength requirements.

Type of insulation. Copper pipes have different types of insulation. Some are supplied without insulation, others with insulation made from the following materials:

• PVC. This insulation is resistant to mechanical and chemical influences. Prevents the occurrence of corrosive processes.
• Foamed polyurethane. Thermal insulation is applied at the factory. Used on copper pipes intended for pipelines with high heat saving requirements.
• PE (polyethylene shell). Used on copper pipes intended for drinking water supply and heating systems.

Installation method. Copper pipes are connected in different ways. Sometimes socket capillary soldering is used for this, in which the ends of the pipes are preheated. Most often, fittings made of bronze and brass are used for installation. Connections are of the following types:

• self-fixing;
• threaded;
• flanged compression.

For all of them there are different fittings in standard sizes to suit all types of copper pipes.

Dimensions and diameter of copper pipes

The greatest demand is for pipes with a diameter of 10-22 mm - they are used in water supply systems. Pipes with a diameter of 32-42 mm are used in drainage systems.

Typically, the diameter of copper pipes is indicated fractionally, for example, 14/1. In accordance with GOST, this designation determines the outer diameter of copper pipes and wall thickness in millimeters. Pipes 14/1 have an outer diameter of 14 mm, an inner diameter of 13 mm, and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

Supply of copper pipes

For whatever purposes you need copper pipes, you can order them from UMMC-OTsM. The pipes are manufactured at the factories Majdanpek (Serbia) and Kolchugtsvetmet (Kolchugino), meet international standards and are used in household and industrial equipment, including water supply, heating, air conditioning, etc.

Delivery is carried out in batches of at least 300 kg. Thanks to the presence of warehouses in three cities of Russia (Kolchugino, Kirov, Revda), urgent delivery of products is possible.